Carlsen v. Koivumaki

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• assault requires that “the defendant’s 12 conduct was a substantial factor in causing the plaintiff’s harm,” while batter requires that the 13 harm or offense be “by the defendant’s conduct”
• assault and battery 9 require that “the plaintiff was harmed”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).