Zelaya-Moreno v. Wilkinson

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• concluding that opposition to gangs does not constitute a political opinion absent evidence of a “disagreement with the policies they seek to impose []or any ideology they espouse”
• holding that absent “particularized evidence” a petitioner’s “generalized statements about the pervasiveness of gangs and gang violence” did not show error in BIA’s conclusion regarding the likelihood of torture
• holding that absent “particularized evidence” a petitioner’s “generalized statements about the pervasiveness of gangs and gang violence” did not show error in BIA’s conclusion 8 regarding the likelihood of torture
• concluding that telling a group “that they are ‘bad’ . . . is insufficient to establish that [petitioner’s] resistance . . . took on a political dimension by transcending mere self-protection” (quotation marks omitted)
• explaining that “disapproving of things that have a negative impact on one’s life or even one’s country does not necessarily amount to a political opinion”
• noting that a political belief can be “imputed to [the applicant] by the persecutor”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).

Cited by

6 cases in this archive cite this case.

• Quituizaca v. Garland
  Second Circuit· 2022-11-01· cited 145×
• Garcia-Aranda v. Garland
  Second Circuit· 2022-11-21· cited 73×
• Chavez v. Garland
  First Circuit· 2022-10-21· cited 21×
• Emmanuel Deng Chol v. Merrick B. Garland
  Eighth Circuit· 2022-02-16· cited 5×
• D-G-E-A- & N-G-G-E
  Board of Immigration Appeals· 2026-04-21· cited 1×
• Lopez Martinez v. Blanche
  First Circuit· 2026-04-23

Cites

51 cases in this archive are cited by this case; the 20 most cited are listed.

• Xiao Ji Chen v. United States Department of Justice, Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales
  Second Circuit· 2006-12-07· cited 2,764×
• Yan Chen v. Alberto Gonzales, Attorney General, 1
  Second Circuit· 2005-08-02· cited 2,703×
• Yueqing Zhang v. Alberto Gonzales, United States Attorney General
  Second Circuit· 2005-10-13· cited 2,667×
• Parastoo Fatin v. Immigration & Naturalization Service
  Third Circuit· 1993-12-20· cited 796×
• Rocio Henriquez-Rivas v. Eric Holder, Jr.
  Ninth Circuit· 2013-02-13· cited 591×
• Santos-Lemus v. Mukasey
  Ninth Circuit· 2008-09-08· cited 591×
• Marta Brigida Melgar De Torres v. Janet Reno, Attorney General, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service
  Second Circuit· 1999-08-19· cited 581×
• Mu Xiang Lin v. United States Department of Justice
  Second Circuit· 2005-11-22· cited 571×
• Parussimova v. Mukasey
  Ninth Circuit· 2009-01-26· cited 543×
• Sameh Sami S. Khouzam, A/K/A Sameh Sami Khouzam, A/K/A Sameh S. Khouzam, A/K/A Sameh Khouzam v. John Ashcroft, Attorney General of the United States
  Second Circuit· 2004-04-12· cited 518×
• Vicente Osorio v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, Amicus Curiae
  Second Circuit· 1994-03-07· cited 346×
• Teresita Moral BORJA, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent
  Ninth Circuit· 1999-04-30· cited 327×
• Mu-Xing Wang v. Ashcroft
  Second Circuit· 2003-02-06· cited 324×
• Oscar Kayembe v. John Ashcroft, Attorney General of the United States
  Third Circuit· 2003-07-01· cited 287×
• Viktor Yaroslavovich Sagaydak Nataliya Bogdanivna Sagaydak v. Alberto Gonzales, Attorney General
  Ninth Circuit· 2005-05-04· cited 287×
• Kyaw Zwar Tun v. United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
  Second Circuit· 2006-04-21· cited 263×
• Ramos-Lopez v. Holder
  Ninth Circuit· 2009-04-16· cited 177×
• Valdiviezo-Galdamez v. Attorney General of the United States
  Third Circuit· 2011-11-08· cited 176×
• Jose Joaquin-Porras v. Alberto Gonzales, Attorney General of the United States
  Second Circuit· 2006-01-18· cited 156×
• Nune Mamouzian v. John Ashcroft, Attorney General
  Ninth Circuit· 2004-12-09· cited 145×