Johnson v. California

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that “all racial classification” imposed by government “must be analyzed by a reviewing court under strict scrutiny”
• holding that an “unwritten [prison] policy of racially segregating prisoners in double cells” was subject to strict scrutiny
• holding that Turner did not “cast doubt on” the Court’s previous holding that strict scrutiny applies to racial classifications in prisons
• holding that the State had burden to show that race-based classifications satisfied strict scrutiny analysis
• holding that strict scrutiny is the appropriate standard of review for racial classifications even in the prison context
• holding that strict scrutiny is the proper standard of review for a prisoner’s equal protection challenge to racial classifications

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).

Cited by

261 cases in this archive cite this case; the 20 most cited are listed.

• Ricci v. DeStefano
  Supreme Court· 2009-06-29· cited 1,988×
• Scott Nordstrom v. Charles Ryan
  Ninth Circuit· 2014-08-11· cited 1,232×
• Giarratano v. Johnson
  Fourth Circuit· 2008-03-25· cited 1,208×
• Beard v. Banks
  Supreme Court· 2006-06-28· cited 797×
• Nautilus, Inc. v. Biosig Instruments, Inc.
  Supreme Court· 2014-06-02· cited 763×
• Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
  Supreme Court· 2010-06-21· cited 703×
• Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of County of Burlington
  Supreme Court· 2012-04-02· cited 697×
• Davidson v. Kimberly-Clark Corp.
  Ninth Circuit· 2017-10-20· cited 563×
• Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
  Supreme Court· 2007-06-28· cited 463×
• Manuel De Jesus Ortega Melendr v. Joseph M. Arpaio
  Ninth Circuit· 2012-09-25· cited 428×
• Pierce v. County of Orange
  Ninth Circuit· 2008-03-24· cited 426×
• Brand v. Motley
  Sixth Circuit· 2008-05-23· cited 367×
• United States v. Smart
  Tenth Circuit· 2008-03-04· cited 363×
• St. John's United Church of Christ v. City of Chicago
  Seventh Circuit· 2007-09-13· cited 332×
• Bull v. City and County of San Francisco
  Ninth Circuit· 2010-02-09· cited 291×
• George Mitchell v. State of Washington
  Ninth Circuit· 2016-03-14· cited 202×
• Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
  Supreme Court· 2023-06-29· cited 189×
• Darnell Hines v. Ashrafe Youseff
  Ninth Circuit· 2019-02-01· cited 182×
• People v. Contreras
  California Supreme Court· 2018-02-26· cited 169×
• Mastrovincenzo v. City of New York
  Second Circuit· 2006-01-05· cited 167×

Cites

59 cases in this archive are cited by this case; the 20 most cited are listed.

• Farmer v. Brennan
  Supreme Court· 1994-06-06· cited 28,443×
• Batson v. Kentucky
  Supreme Court· 1986-04-30· cited 16,401×
• Wolff v. McDonnell
  Supreme Court· 1974-06-26· cited 12,327×
• Bell v. Wolfish
  Supreme Court· 1979-05-14· cited 11,438×
• Hudson v. McMillian
  Supreme Court· 1992-02-25· cited 8,199×
• Lewis v. Casey
  Supreme Court· 1996-06-24· cited 7,493×
• Edelman v. Jordan
  Supreme Court· 1974-05-13· cited 6,517×
• Turner v. Safley
  Supreme Court· 1987-06-01· cited 6,491×
• Hope v. Pelzer
  Supreme Court· 2002-06-27· cited 4,957×
• Brown v. Board of Education
  Supreme Court· 1954-05-17· cited 3,819×
• Booth v. Churner
  Supreme Court· 2001-05-29· cited 3,581×
• Powers v. Ohio
  Supreme Court· 1991-04-01· cited 2,917×
• Cruz v. Beto
  Supreme Court· 1972-03-20· cited 2,756×
• Procunier v. Martinez
  Supreme Court· 1974-04-29· cited 2,649×
• Pell v. Procunier
  Supreme Court· 1974-06-24· cited 2,527×
• Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
  Supreme Court· 1992-06-29· cited 2,333×
• O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
  Supreme Court· 1987-06-09· cited 2,176×
• McCleskey v. Kemp
  Supreme Court· 1987-06-08· cited 2,038×
• Thornburgh v. Abbott
  Supreme Court· 1989-05-15· cited 1,967×
• Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Labor Union, Inc.
  Supreme Court· 1977-06-23· cited 1,564×