How do I appeal an unemployment insurance denial in Alabama?

1. Agency. The Alabama Department of Labor (ADOL) administers UI under Ala. Code Title 25, Chapter 4 (§ 25-4-1 et seq.).

2. Common Disqualifications. Voluntary quit without good cause connected with the work (Ala. Code § 25-4-78(2)), discharge for misconduct connected with the work (§ 25-4-78(3)), refusal of suitable work (§ 25-4-78(4)), not able and available (§ 25-4-77(a)(3)), or receipt of severance.

3. Determination Notice. ADOL mails a Notice of Determination stating the reason for disqualification and appeal rights.

4. Appeal Deadline. 15 calendar days from the mailing date of the determination (Ala. Code § 25-4-91). Late appeals require good cause.

5. Filing the Appeal. File through the eGov portal at labor.alabama.gov, by mail to the Hearings and Appeals Division, fax, or in person at a Career Center.

6. First-Level Hearing. A Hearing Officer conducts a telephonic de novo hearing (Ala. Code § 25-4-92). Both parties testify under oath, submit documents, and cross-examine.

7. Burden of Proof. Employer bears the burden on misconduct discharge; claimant bears the burden on good-cause voluntary quit.

8. Decision. The Hearing Officer issues a written decision typically within 30 days.

9. Second-Level Administrative Appeal. Appeal to the Board of Appeals within 15 days (Ala. Code § 25-4-94); review is on the record with discretion to hear more evidence.

10. Judicial Review. File a notice of appeal to the circuit court of the county of residence within 30 days under Ala. Code § 25-4-95; trial is essentially de novo on questions of fact, though the Board's factual findings are entitled to weight.

11. Continued Filing. Continue weekly certifications during the appeal to preserve back pay.

12. Overpayment. If you lose, ADOL issues an overpayment; non-fault waiver is limited (Ala. Code § 25-4-145); fraud overpayments carry a 15% penalty.

This is legal information, not legal advice.