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How do I get a restraining order in Michigan?

Federal & State Law Editorial TeamLast reviewed: 2026-05-18

Michigan's Personal Protection Order system covers domestic and non-domestic conduct.

1. Types of Protective Orders

  • Domestic Relationship PPO — MCL 600.2950.
  • Non-Domestic Stalking/Sexual Assault PPO — MCL 600.2950a.
  • Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) — MCL 691.1801 et seq. (red flag, effective Feb 2024).
  • Minor PPOs — MCL 600.2950, juvenile respondents.
  • Workplace — typically pursued via injunction under MCR 3.310.

    • 2. Eligibility

    Domestic PPO requires: spouse/former spouse, dating partner, person with whom petitioner has a child in common, or resident/former resident of the same household (MCL 600.2950(1)). Non-domestic PPO under § 2950a requires conduct meeting Michigan's stalking or sexual assault statutes; no relationship needed.

    3. Filing

    File in Circuit Court (Family Division) of the county where petitioner resides. No filing fee for PPO petitions (MCL 600.2950(23)). Statewide forms (CC 375, 377) available from State Court Administrative Office.

    4. Emergency / Ex Parte

    Same-day issuance on showing "immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage" will result (MCR 3.703). Ex parte PPO is immediately effective; respondent has 14 days to move to modify or terminate, triggering a hearing.

    5. Hearing on Motion to Terminate

    Held within 14 days of motion (MCR 3.707). Preponderance standard. Petitioner bears burden to justify continued order; respondent may testify and present evidence.

    6. Permanent Order Duration

    Initial PPO valid for at least 182 days but commonly 1 year; petitioner may move to extend before expiration (MCL 600.2950(13)). No statutory maximum total duration; some PPOs renewed for many years.

    7. Enforcement

    Violation is criminal contempt under MCL 600.2950(23) and 600.2950a(23): up to 93 days jail and $500 fine for first; subsequent violations escalate. Mandatory arrest on probable cause (MCL 764.15b). Firearm prohibition under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8); Michigan CPL revocation under MCL 28.428.

    8. Modification / Termination

    Either party may move to modify or terminate under MCR 3.707; court weighs safety and changed circumstances.

    This is legal information, not legal advice.

    When to Talk to a Lawyer
    • Respondent files a motion to terminate within 14 days
    • Custody, parenting time, or support is being decided inside the PPO
    • CPL or law-enforcement firearm authorization is on the line
    Related Statutes & Laws
    • MCL 600.2950
    • MCL 600.2950a
    • MCL 691.1801
    • MCL 764.15b
    • 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)

    This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.