How do I file a public records request in Alabama?

1. Statute. Alabama Open Records Law, Ala. Code §§ 36-12-40 to 36-12-41, supplemented by common-law right of access. The Open Records Act was substantially updated effective 2024 (Act 2024-460).

2. Who Can Request. "Every citizen" of Alabama; courts have generally extended access to anyone but the statute uses "citizen" language (§ 36-12-40). News media routinely granted access regardless of residency.

3. Form of Request. Written (preferred since 2024 update); email accepted. Must reasonably describe records. The 2024 Act introduced a standardized request and acknowledgment process for state agencies.

4. Agency Response Deadline. Under the 2024 Act, state agencies must acknowledge a "standard public records request" within 10 business days and either produce or provide a substantive response within 15 business days; "time-intensive requests" allow 45 business days. Counties and municipalities historically follow a "reasonable time" standard.

5. Fees. Reasonable charges for the actual cost of producing the records (§ 36-12-40), including copy cost and, under the 2024 Act, reasonable labor charges for time-intensive requests. Fee waivers for indigents/public interest discretionary.

6. Exemptions. § 36-12-40 and common-law: records that would be detrimental to the public interest, sensitive personnel records, recorded law enforcement investigative information (§ 12-21-3.1), juvenile records, trade secrets, attorney-client privilege, attorney work product, security plans, certain proprietary info.

7. Redaction. Agency may produce redacted versions with exempt info removed.

8. Denial & Appeal. Written explanation of basis expected. No administrative appeal mechanism—proceed to court.

9. Court Action. Mandamus or declaratory action in circuit court. The 2024 Act creates a presumption of openness and improved enforcement provisions.

10. Penalties. No civil fine historically. Under the 2024 update, court may award attorney fees against an agency that improperly denied access. Willful refusal by a public officer can support contempt and removal proceedings.

This is legal information, not legal advice.