How does the adoption process work in Missouri?

Missouri's adoption code (Chapter 453, Revised Statutes of Missouri) is administered by the Circuit Court's juvenile division or family court.

1. Types of Adoption

Agency adoption through a licensed Missouri agency or Children's Division (§ 453.014).

Private-placement adoption with court approval.

Step-parent adoption (§ 453.080).

Adult adoption (§ 453.030).

International adoption under Hague.

2. Petitioner Eligibility

Under R.S.Mo. § 453.010, any person desiring to adopt may file in the Circuit Court of the county where the person seeking to adopt resides, where the child is located, or where the person seeking to relinquish custody resides. A spouse must join the petition.

3. Consent Requirements

Under R.S.Mo. § 453.030, a birth parent's written consent may be signed no sooner than 48 hours after birth and must be executed before a judge or otherwise notarized with two witnesses. Once executed in compliance with § 453.030(7), the consent is irrevocable absent proof of fraud or duress in a timely court challenge.

4. Home Study

A family assessment (home study) under R.S.Mo. § 453.070 is required for non-step-parent placements and conducted by a Missouri-licensed agency, juvenile officer, or other court-approved individual. A post-placement assessment is also required. Step-parents are exempt unless ordered.

5. Termination of Parental Rights (TPR)

Voluntary via consent. Involuntary TPR under R.S.Mo. § 211.447 for grounds including abuse, neglect, abandonment for 6+ months. Interstate placements require ICPC under § 210.620. ICWA (25 U.S.C. § 1901) applies to Native American children.

6. Finalization Hearing

The court holds a final hearing typically 6 months after placement (§ 453.080). The court enters the Decree of Adoption, and the Bureau of Vital Records issues a new birth certificate.

This is legal information, not legal advice.