The Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust: Background and Current Issues

Summary

The Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust is becoming a critical component of the U.S. response to

humanitarian food emergencies in Africa, Iraq, and elsewhere. The Trust, as presently constituted,

was enacted in the 1998 Africa Seeds of Hope Act ( P.L. 105-385 ). It replaced the Food Security

Commodity Reserve established in 1996 and its predecessor the Food Security Wheat Reserve of

1980. The Trust is a reserve of up to 4 million metric tons of wheat, corn, sorghum and rice that can

be used to help fulfill P.L. 480 food aid commitments to developing countries under two conditions:

(1) to meet unanticipated emergency needs in developing countries, or (2) when U.S. domestic

supplies are short. The Trust can also hold funds. Administration proposals to reduce food aid's

reliance on surplus commodities and anticipated demand for emergency food aid have focused

renewed attention on the Emerson Trust, which has been used four times in FY2002 and FY2003

to meet unanticipated food needs in Africa and Iraq. About 1.1 million metric tons of wheat remain

in the Trust. As the Trust is drawn down, reimbursement and replenishment of the Trust for

commodities released become important issues. This report will be updated as developments occur.