Amendment 14 — State Income Taxes

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Fourteenth Amendment , Section 1:

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

A state law that taxes the entire income of domestic corporations that do business in the state, including that derived within the state, while exempting entirely the income received outside the state by domestic corporations that do no local business, is arbitrary and invalid.[1](https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/amendment-14/state-income-taxes#fn1amd14 " F.S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412 (1920). See also Walters v. City of St. Louis, 347 U.S. 231 (1954), sustaining a municipal income tax imposed on gross wages of employed persons but only on net profits of the self-employed, of corporations, and of business enterprises. ") In taxing the income of a nonresident, there is no denial of equal protection in limiting the deduction of losses to those sustained within the state, although residents are permitted to deduct all losses, wherever incurred.[2](https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/amendment-14/state-income-taxes#fn2amd14 " Shaffer v. Carter, 252 U.S. 37, 56, 57 (1920); Travis v. Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., 252 U.S. 60, 75, 76 (1920). ") A retroactive statute imposing a graduated tax at rates different from those in the general income tax law, on dividends received in a prior year that were deductible from gross income under the law in effect when they were received, does not violate the Equal Protection Clause.[3](https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/amendment-14/state-income-taxes#fn3amd14 " Welch v. Henry, 305 U.S. 134 (1938). ")

Footnotes

1

F.S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412 (1920) . See also Walters v. City of St. Louis, 347 U.S. 231 (1954) , sustaining a municipal income tax imposed on gross wages of employed persons but only on net profits of the self-employed, of corporations, and of business enterprises.

2

Shaffer v. Carter, 252 U.S. 37 , 56, 57 (1920); Travis v. Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., 252 U.S. 60 , 75, 76 (1920).

3

Welch v. Henry, 305 U.S. 134 (1938) .