§ 531.5 Fuel economy standards.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each manufacturer of passenger automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in table 1 to this paragraph (a), expressed in miles per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable:

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model year 2011, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to figure 1 and the appropriate values in table 2 to this paragraph (b).

(c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model years 2012-2031, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to this figure 2 and the appropriate values in this table 3 to this paragraph (c).

(d) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, each manufacturer, other than manufacturers subject to standards in paragraph (e) of this section, shall also meet the minimum fleet standard for domestically manufactured passenger automobiles expressed in table 4 to this paragraph (d):

(e) The following manufacturers shall comply with the standards indicated in paragraphs (e)(1) through (15) of this section for the specified model years:

Avanti Motor Corporation.(1)

Rolls-Royce Motors, Inc.(2)

Checker Motors Corporation.(3)

Aston Martin Lagonda Limited.(4)

Excalibur Automobile Corporation.(5)

Lotus Cars Ltd.(6)

Officine Alfieri Maserati, S.p.A.(7)

Lamborghini of North America.(8)

LondonCoach Co., Inc.(9)

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A./Vector Aeromotive Corporation.(10)

Dutcher Motors, Inc.(11)

MedNet, Inc.(12)

Vector Aeromotive Corporation.(13)

Qvale Automotive Group Srl.(14)

Spyker Automobielen B.V.(15)

Ferrari.(16)

Koenigsegg.(17)

McLaren.(18)

Mobility Ventures.(19)

Pagani.(20)

aTable 1 to Paragraph ()Model yearAverage fuel economy standard (miles per gallon) 197818 197919 198020 198122 198224 198326 198427 198527.5 198626 198726 198826 198926.5 1990-201027.5

bTable 2 to paragraph ()— Parameters for the Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy TargetsModel yearParameters a(mpg)b(mpg)c(gal/mi/ft2)d(gal/mi) 201131.22451.411.91

cTable 3 to Paragraph ()—Parameters for the Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Targets, MYs 2012-2031Model yearParameters a(mpg)b(mpg)c(gal/mi/ft2)d(gal/mi) 201235.9527.950.00053080.006057 201336.828.460.00053080.00541 201437.7529.030.00053080.004725 201539.2429.90.00053080.003719 201641.0930.960.00053080.002573 201743.6132.650.00051310.001896 201845.2133.840.00049540.001811 201946.8735.070.00047830.001729 202048.7436.470.00046030.001643 202149.4837.020.0004530.00162 202250.2437.590.0004470.00159 20235138.160.000440.00157 202455.4441.480.0004050.00144 202560.2645.080.0003720.00133 202666.9550.090.0003350.0012 202768.3251.120.000328410.0011722 202869.7152.160.000321840.00114876 202971.1453.220.000315410.00112579 203072.5954.310.00030910.00110327 203174.0755.420.000302920.0010812

dTable 4 to Paragraph ()—Minimum Fuel Economy Standards for Domestically Manufactured Passenger Automobiles, MYs 2011-2031Model yearMinimumstandard 201127.8 201230.7 201331.4 201432.1 201533.3 201634.7 201736.7 201838 201939.4 202040.9 202139.9 202240.6 202341.1 202444.3 202548.1 202653.5 202754.2 202855.2 202956.4 203057.5 203158.7

eTable 5 to § 531.5()(1)—Average Fuel Economy StandardsModel yearMiles per gallon 197816.1 197914.5 198015.8 198118.2 198218.2 198316.9 198416.9 198516.9

eTable 6 to § 531.5()(2)—Average Fuel Economy StandardsModel yearMiles per gallon 197810.7 197910.8 198011.1 198110.7 198210.6 19839.9 198410 198510 198611 198711.2 198811.2 198911.2 199012.7 199112.7 199213.8 199313.8 199413.8 199514.6 199614.6 199715.1 199816.3 199916.3

eTable 7 to § 531.5()(3)—Average Fuel Economy StandardsModel yearMiles per gallon 197817.6 197916.5 198018.5 198118.3 198218.4

eTable 8 to § 531.5()(4)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 197911.5 198012.1 198112.2 198212.2 198311.3 198411.3 198511.4 200819 200918.6 201019.2 201119.1 201219.2 201320.1 201419.7 201519.8 201620.2 201721.4 201822.9 201922.4 202022.6 202124.9 202224.9 202324.9

eTable 9 to § 531.5()(5)—Average Fuel Economy StandardsModel yearMiles pergallon 197811.5 197911.5 198016.2 198117.9 198217.9 198316.6 198416.6 198516.6

eTable 10 to § 531.5()(6)—Average Fuel Economy StandardsModel yearMiles pergallon 199424.2 199523.3

eTable 11 to § 531.5()(7)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 197812.5 197912.5 19809.5 198417.9 198516.8

eTable 12 to § 531.5()(8)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 198313.7 198413.7

eTable 13 to § 531.5()(9)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 198521 198621 198721

eTable 14 § 531.5()(10)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 199512.8 199612.6 199712.5

eTable 15 to § 531.5()(11)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 198616 198716 198816 199217 199317 199417 199517

eTable 16 to § 531.5()(12)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearAveragefueleconomystandard(miles pergallon) 199617 199717 199817

eTable 17 to § 531.5()(13)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 199812.1

eTable 18 to § 531.5()(14)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel yearMiles pergallon 200022 200122

eTable 19 to § 531.5()(15)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 200618.9 200718.9 200819.6 200919.6 201020.7

eTable 20 to § 531.5()(16)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 201621.7 201721.5 201821.6 202021.1

eTable 21 to § 531.5()(17)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 201516.7 201816.7 201916.6 202016.6 202116.6 202216.9 202316.9

eTable 22 to § 531.5()(18)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 201223.2 201324 201423.8 201522.9 201623.2 201724.3 201823.3 201922.5 202022.5 202121.5 202224.6 202325.7

eTable 23 to § 531.5()(19)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 201419.6 201520.1 201620.1

eTable 24 to § 531.5()(20)—Average Fuel Economy StandardModel year(Miles pergallon) 201415.6 201615.6 201715.6 201815.6 201915.5 202015.5 202115.5 202215.5 202315.5

Figure 1 to Paragraph (b)

Figure 2 to Paragraph (c)

Figure 3 to Paragraph (c)

Where: N is the total number (sum) of passenger automobiles produced by a manufacturer; Nithi is the number (sum) of the passenger automobile model produced by the manufacturer; and Tithi is the fuel economy target of the model passenger automobile, which is determined according to the following formula, rounded to the nearest hundredth:

Where: a, b, c,dParameters and are defined in table 2 to this paragraph (b); e = 2.718; and x = footprint (in square feet, rounded to the nearest tenth) of the vehicle model.

Where: CAFErequired is the fleet average fuel economy standard for a given fleet (domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles); ii.e., iSubscript is a designation of multiple groups of automobiles, where each group's designation, = 1, 2, 3, etc., represents automobiles that share a unique model type and footprint within the applicable fleet, either domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles; Productionithi.e.,i is the number of passenger automobiles produced for sale in the United States within each designation, which share the same model type and footprint; TARGETithi.e.,i.e.,i is the fuel economy target in miles per gallon (mpg) applicable to the footprint of passenger automobiles within each designation, which share the same model type and footprint, calculated according to figure 3 to this paragraph (c) and rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mpg, 35.455 = 35.46 mpg, and the summations in the numerator and denominator are both performed over all models in the fleet in question.

Where: TARGETFOOTPRINT, is the fuel economy target (in mpg) applicable to vehicles of a given footprint ( in square feet); a, b, c,dParameters and are defined in table 3 to this paragraph (c); and MINMAXThe and functions take the minimum and maximum, respectively, of the included values.

[87 FR 26070, May 2, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 12756, Feb. 20, 2024; 89 FR 52945, June 24, 2024; 89 FR 60833, July 29, 2024]