United States v. Ronald Robinson

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• no error if trial judge’s charge included additional instructions that “in-surfed]” that the jury understood the correct rule
• no error if trial judge’s charge included additional instructions that “in-surfed]” jury understood correct rule
• \the 'natural and probable consequences' charge ... is a burden-shifting charge which has the potential for misleading the jury with respect to the requirement that the government must prove every element of an offense beyond a reasonable doubt.\ 545 F.2d at 306
• “the ‘natural and probable consequences’ charge ... is a burden-shifting charge which has the potential for misleading the jury with respect to the requirement that the government must prove every element of an offense beyond a reasonable doubt.” 545 F.2d at 306
• combination of presumption and clause shifts burden

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).