United States v. Norman Gradsky and Robert B. Roberts

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• noting that pretrial evidentiary hearings do not constitute a stage of the trial as contemplated by Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure Rule 43
• determining that an evidentiary hearing was not a critical stage where the issue “was not one of guilt or innocence but . . . whether the evidence leading to the appellants’ convictions was tainted”
• finding that defendant’s absence from suppression hearing did not violate Rule 43 because hearing’s purpose was to allow government witnesses to testify about whether evidence leading to convictions was tainted, a matter on which the defendant had little to contribute
• a defendant has no right to be present at pretrial proceedings when his presence would not aid his defense, the issue at the hearing was not one of guilt or innocence, and counsel was present
• a defendant has no right to be present at pretrial proceedings when his presence would not aid his defense, the issue at the hearing was not one of guilt or innocence, and counsel was present

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).