United States v. Gibbens

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that a governmental agency can be a victim under the VWPA but interpreting the legislative history to suggest that the “prototypical victim” was a private individual
• “investigatory costs do not constitute a ‘loss’ within the purview of the Act because such costs- are best conceived as voluntary outlays for the procurement of evidence”
• “When an accusation of sentencing factor manipulation surfaces, the judicial gaze should, in the usual case, focus primarily — though not necessarily exclusively — on the government’s conduct and motives.”
• government agency may not recoup money lost as a consequence of a crime via a restitution order pursuant to Victim and Witness Protection Act when losses incurred by an undercover investigation provoked the commission of the crime at issue
• categorizing manipulation decision as \factbound\

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).