United States v. Donald Lawrence Ritchie, Heather Horner, Claimant-Appellant

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• recognizing that when considering matters of judicial notice a court need not convert a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment
• holding that a court may consider matters of judicial notice without converting a motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment
• holding that courts may incorporate materials outside the complaint by reference when they are referred to by the plaintiff and “form[] the basis of the plaintiff’s claim”
• holding that a document was not incorporated by reference where the complaint did not “reference extensively” the document or where the document was not “integral to [the plaintiffs] claim”
• holding that courts can consider a 19 document incorporated by reference “if the plaintiff refers extensively to the document or the 20 document forms the basis of the plaintiff's claim”
• holding that courts can 27 consider a document incorporated by reference “if the plaintiff refers extensively to the 28 document or the document forms the basis of the plaintiff’s claim”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).