United States v. Christopher G. White

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• concluding that motorist was no longer seized within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment after police had returned motorist’s license, vehicle registration, and had issued warning ticket
• concluding that the defendant was not seized when “the tone of the entire exchange was cooperative”
• stating that upon return of documentation and explanation of warning citation the traffic stop ends
• explaining that encounter was consensual despite presence of three officers because two of the officers, similar to this case, “were little more than passive observers prior to commencement of the search”
• stating that after a routine traffic stop had been completed and White’s license and registration returned, “the encounter became nothing more than a consensual encounter between a private citizen and a law enforcement officer”
• explaining traffic stop ended when officer returned driver’s license and registration to driver

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).