United States v. Beverly J. Ramsey, Michael J. Marshall, Stuart A. McCreary and James Joseph O'DOnnell

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• explaining that “actual knowledge and deliberate avoidance of knowledge are the same thing”
• deliberate ignorance is evidenced by defendant with \lurking suspicion\ who \goes on as before and avoids further knowledge\
• deliberate ignorance is evidenced by defendant with “lurking suspicion” who “goes on as before and avoids further knowledge”
• defendants contended that they lacked the requisite knowledge and that they had been bilked along with their clients
• “An ostrich instruction informs the jury that actual knowledge and deliberate avoidance of knowledge are the same thing. … [A] person who has enough knowledge to prompt an investigation [but] avoids further knowledge really does ‘know’ all that the law requires.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).