United States v. Abdul R. Muhammad

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• noting that a suspect’s attempt to flee from an officer “is the consummate act of evasion[,]” a pertinent factor in the reasonable suspicion calculus
• noting that a lack of cooperation alone is insufficient for a Terry frisk, but that in combination with a driver’s suspicious and evasive behavior, and known history of fleeing, justified the Terry frisk of a bag within the driver’s reach
• finding reasonable suspicion and distinguishing J.L. where an anonymous tip was corroborated by evidence of flight
• affirming finding of reasonable suspicion where suspect on bicycle increased speed, tried to pass one patrol car and steer around another
• finding reasonable suspicion and distinguishing J.L. where an anonymous tip was corroborated by evidence of flight
• validating stop because \[t]he officers' personal observation of Muhammad's evasive conduct was the additional factor ... that corroborated the anonymous tip\ of a man carrying a gun

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).