United States of America,plaintiff/appellee v. Reynaldo Tovar-Valdivia

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• determining that defendant was under arrest when police officer handcuffed him
• explaining Terry did not “authorize the police officer to handcuff and search an individual after the initial pat-down of the bulge did not confirm the existence of a weapon or contraband”
• “Whether a particular seizure amounted to an arrest is a question of law that this court reviews de novo.”
• “The bulges could have been bandages . . ., a money belt . . ., or any number of non-contraband items.”
• “The bulges could have been bandages about his body, a money belt worn about his ribs, or any number of non-contraband items”
• “We have little trouble determining that the officer placed Tovar under arrest when he placed the handcuffs on him. At that moment, Tovar was restrained and, by any reasonable standard, was not free to leave.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).