UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael GARTNER, Defendant-Appellant

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• pre-Hudson, recognizing that a “deterrent 12 purpose . . . does not automatically convert the penalty into [criminal] punishment” (internal quotation marks omitted)

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).