Tugwell v. Bussing

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• “California does not recognize a distinct cause of action for gross negligence independent of a statutory basis.”
• no distinct cause of action for gross negligence under California law absent statutory basis
• “[A]n essential element of an action for negligence is the existence 5 Case 2:22-cv-06007-ODW-JEM Document 73 Filed 03/15/23 Page 6 of 12 Page ID #:4382 of a duty of care to the plaintiff.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).