TOWNLEY, JOHN C., PEOPLE v

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• finding that \not all burdens constitute substantial burdens\ and \mere inconvenience\ does not always amount to a substantial burden
• noting that “not all burdens constitute substantial burdens” and that a “mere inconvenience” does not always amount to a substantial burden
• stating that the equal protection clause is actionable against states under the Fourteenth Amendment and applies to the federal government through the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment
• deriving a two-part test from Galloway; at step one, asking whether history “has spoken to” a specific practice, and if not, at step two, “look[ing] to the historical understandings of the Establishment Clause as informed by other relevant practices”
• “[H]istorical practices often reveal what the Establishment Clause was originally understood to permit.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).