Toscano v. Professional Golfers' Ass'n

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• finding no agreement where local sponsors of golf tournaments “merely accepted” rules that were “independently set” by the PGA 3 Tour
• finding 18 no evidence of concerted action to restrain trade where a third party “independently set 19 the terms of the contracts, and [defendants] merely accepted them”
• “[C]ircumstantial evidence can defeat a summary judgment motion only if 11 inferences are drawn in the nonmovant’s favor.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).