Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. Universal Insurance

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• stating that “evidence may ‘bear directly’ on a decision without referring to it specifically”
• finding that conversations regarding discrimination against women and African-Americans constitute an informal complaint
• applying Price Waterhouse to a pre-1991 retaliation claim under Title VII
• this is both a shifting of the ultimate burden of persuasion and the employer’s affirmative defense
• this is both a shifting of the ultimate burden of persuasion and the employer's affirmative defense
• “If the defendant fails to persuade the trier of fact by a preponderance of the evidence that it would have taken the action even absent the discriminatory motive, the plaintiff will prevail.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).