Spatz v. Pulensky

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• requiring “(1) an assumption by the municipality, through promises or actions, of an affirmative duty to act on behalf of the party who was injured; (2) knowledge on the part of the [officer] that inaction could lead to harm; (3

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).