Paula Banks v. Director

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that a photocopy of an identification card is nontestimonial “because it in no way involves a witness bearing testimony”
• holding that records from the Bureau of Customs and Immigration’s computer system showing dates of deportation were akin to business records and not barred by the Confrontation Clause
• stating that “if additional reasonable suspicion arises in the course of the stop and before the initial purpose of the stop has been fulfilled, then the detention may continue until the new reasonable suspicion has been dispelled or confirmed”
• finding evidence of transported aliens’ violation of law sufficient where, among other evidence, police officer testified that defendant tentatively agreed with officer’s statement that some transported aliens “probably ain’t legal”
• declining to reach the issue but noting, “Neither the Supreme Court nor our Court has ruled that there is a suppression remedy for violations of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause”
• “business records, which are analogous to public records, are ‘by their nature ... not testimonial’ and not subject to the requirements of the Confrontation Clause.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).