Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, Maryland v. Citigroup, Inc.

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that “even if a plaintiff alleges additional facts or circumstances – what we have previously called ‘plus factors’ – these facts must still lead to an inference of conspiracy”
• noting that plausibility standard applies only to factual allegations, not “legal conclusions couched as factual allegations” (citation omitted)
• holding plaintiffs failed to allege a conspiracy because “en masse flight from a collapsing market in which [defendants] had significant downside exposure—made perfect business sense”
• explaining that direct evidence “would consist, for example, of a recorded phone call in which two competitors agreed to fix prices at a certain level”
• explaining that direct evidence “would consist, for example, of a recorded phone call in which two competitors agreed to fix prices at a certain level”
• noting that an e-mail or phone call can provide direct evidence of conspiracy

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).