Mars Ketchum v. Jane M. Byrne

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• noting that “racial discrimination [may be and has been a] necessary accompaniment of [an] action taken to protect incumbencies”
• stating that 60 percent of voting-age population is reasonably required to ensure minorities a fair opportunity to elect a candidate of their choice
• observing that “many devices employed to preserve incumbencies are necessarily racially discriminatory”
• stating that district courts have discretion “to determine what an appropriate corrective should be based upon analysis of election data, if such data can yield a meaningful and persuasive result”
• recognizing that courts commonly use 60% VAP corrective
• recognizing that courts commonly use 60% VAP corrective

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).