Luther M. Ragin, Jr., Deborah Fish Ragin, Renaye B. Cuyler, Jerome F. Cuyler and Open Housing Center, Inc. v. The New York Times Company

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that proof of an advertiser’s intent may be relevant to determining the message conveyed
• holding that publication of ads violating FHA is not protected commercial speech
• noting that “we read the word ‘preference’ to describe any ad that would discourage an ordinary reader of a particular race from answering it”
• relying on the “critical ... verb ‘indicates’ ” to support adoption of the “ordinary reader” standard
• noting that in cases where advertisers use a large number of models and/or advertise repetitively, “the advertiser’s opportunities to include all groups are greater, and the message conveyed by the exclusion of a racial group is stronger”
• relying on the “critical . . . 2 verb ‘indicates’” to support adoption of the “ordinary reader” 3 standard

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).