Kramer v. Alpine Valley Resort, Inc.

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• where the court admitted evidence that defendant made oral promises in addition to the parties’ written lease which failed to provide for essential elements
• however, even if there is a contract, if it does not embody all the terms of the business relation between the parties, it does not bar relief under the doctrine of promissory estoppel
• “The parol evidence rule only applies if the writing is intended by both parties to be the final and complete expression of their agreement and only bars evidence intended to vary such expression”
• absent fraud, mutual mistake, or duress, the written terms of a contract that, as reflected by the document, encompass the parties' final expression of their agreement may not be modified or contradicted by an alleged understanding contrary to those written terms
• absent fraud, mutual mistake, or duress, the written terms of a contract that, as reflected by the document, encompass the parties' final expression of their agreement may not be modified or contradicted by an alleged understanding contrary to those written terms
• third element is a question of law

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).