Juino v. Livingston Parish Fire District No. 5

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• finding that compensation is an “essential condition to the existence of an employer-employee relationship” and without financial benefit, there can be no employment relationship
• discussing case law supporting the conclusion that remuneration is required to be deemed a Title VII employee
• listing and discussing the majority of circuits that have adopted a “threshold- remuneration” test and adopting that test
• rejecting Title VII claim under this test despite allegations that the volunteer firefighter program “had a paramilitary organizational structure with the authority to supervise, hire, fire, and set applicable rules and regulations of work”
• “The Second, Fourth, Eighth, Tenth and Eleventh Circuits have adopted the threshold-remuneration test,” while “the Sixth and Ninth Circuits view remuneration as only one, nondispositive factor in conjunction with the other common law agency test factors.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).