Jacob Ikperha Orhorhaghe v. Immigration and Naturalization Service

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• explaining that \a race-based investigatory stop constitute[s] an egregious violation\
• following as persuasive authority a decision vacated by the Supreme Court as moot
• identifying five objective factors that aid in determining whether a reasonable person would have felt “at liberty to ignore the police presence and go about his business”
• following as persuasive authority a decision vacated by the Supreme Court as moot
• “[A]llowing-INS agents to seize and interrogate an individual simply because of his foreign-sounding name or his foreign-looking appearance risks allowing race or national-origin to determine who will and who will not be investigated.”
• finding both illegal seizure and involuntary consent independent grounds to exclude evidence

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).