Houghland v. Grant

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• recognizing that although ostensible agency and agency by estoppel are based on slightly different rationales, the theories have been used interchangeably
• holding that a physician’s obligation to abide by hospital policies is not dispositive, but it is relevant in resolving whether a physician qualifies as a public employee
• comparing physicians who contract to provide services on behalf of hospital to physicians with staff privileges engaged in independent medical practices; citing cases
• criticizing the right to control test as inappropriate in the context of hospital emergency rooms
• reversing summary judgment for defendant hospital after concluding there was a factual dispute material to whether an allegedly negligent doctor was an apparent agent of the hospital under a vicarious liability theory
• “Agency by estoppel appears to have a stricter standard because it requires actual reliance upon the representations of the principal.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).