Girma Aboye v. United States

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• explaining that “designated act” has a broad definition because “including” means “includes, but not limited to”
• determining that the list of enumerated crimes subject to enhanced punishment under the Bias-Related Crime Act was illustrative, rather than exhaustive, based on the statute’s use of the word “including” before the enumeration
• explaining that \designated act\ encompasses any criminal act
• explaining that “designated act” encompasses any criminal act
• “[T]he participle including typically indicates a partial list.” (internal quotation marks omitted)
• “The question being one of statutory interpretation, our review is de novo.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).