Gibbs, H. v. PPB

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• finding that encounter in which detective approached defendant on train, identified himself, and asked permission to ask some questions was not a seizure
• finding that police acted diligently in conducting a canine sniff, where approximately fifteen minutes elapsed before dog was procured, even though officers had advance notice of suspect’s arrival
• recognizing criticism of test as \based on a false assumption that ordinary citizens believe they are normally free to cut police inquiries short.\
• noting that in such an instance an individual is free to walk to another part of the train or to simply close the door and end the conversation
• presence of officers in doorway between roomette and aisle did not “signify an intent to prevent the interviewee” from leaving scene
• so long as an encounter is not a detention, the fourth amendment is not implicated; a mere request for identification is not a seizure in relation to the fourth amendment

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).