Dortz v. City of New York

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• noting that increased supervision could disadvantage and interfere with employee’s ability to perform her job and thus could constitute adverse action
• observing that temporal proximity between employee’s protected activity and employer’s retaliatory act can be sufficient circumstantial evidence to support an inference that the latter was caused by the former
• negative evaluation proof of causation where employee had never received a negative evaluation prior to complaint
• “the term ‘employer’ under Title VII is construed by reference to the realities rather than the formalities of an employment relationship”
• Exceptions permitted “because it is important to maintain ‘the availability of complete redress of legitimate grievances without undue encumbrance by procedural requirements _’”
• employee’s complaints of exclusion, isolation, and harassment before she engaged in protected activity did not break causal nexus in retaliation claim where there was evidence that adverse treatment became more severe

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).