Dale E. Kraus and Rosetta M. Kraus, Husband and Wife Cindy D. Kraus, Individually and Todd W. Montgomery, Individually v. County of Pierce

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• seeing rapidly departing car from parking lot after robber seen fleeing on foot into parking lot insufficient to establish probable cause for arrest of car owners
• “Where more than a limited intrusion occurs, an arrest occurs and probable cause is required.”
• “where force is used such that the innocent person could reasonably have believed he was not free to go and that he was being taken into custody indefinitely, an arrest has occurred.” (citation omitted)
• “[W]here force is used such that the innocent person could reasonably have believed he was not free to go and that he was being taken into custody indefi- nitely, an arrest has occurred.” (emphasis added)
• encirclement of defendants by officers with guns drawn; spotlight
• affirming district court’s denial of qualified immunity

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).