Cunningham v. Ford

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that waiver requires “a clear 10 and unequivocal abandonment of the right to a federal forum”
• holding that entity is organ, notwithstanding “the commercial nature” of its work, because of “Congress’ belief that an entity’s involvement in commercial affairs does not automatically render the entity non-governmental” (internal quotation marks omitted)
• finding that “key” fact to entity’s organ status was that entity’s “purpose is to carry out Japanese national policy” (internal quotation marks omitted)
• holding that entity is organ, notwithstanding “the commercial nature” of its work, because of “Congress’ belief that an entity’s involvement in commercial affairs does not automatically ren- der the entity non-governmental” (internal quotation marks omitted)
• finding that “key” fact to entity’s organ status was that entity’s “purpose is to carry out Japanese national policy” (internal quotation marks omitted)
• noting that an entity can be an organ of a foreign state even if it is involved in some commercial affairs

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).