Commonwealth v. Francis, L.

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that a plaintiff must show a lack of probable cause to state a claim for retaliatory prosecution
• holding that a plaintiff must show a lack of probable cause to state a claim for retaliatory prosecution
• holding that plaintiff was required to plead and prove the absence of probable cause to support his Bivens claim
• holding that individuals do not have the right to be free from retaliatory criminal prosecutions unless they were brought without probable cause
• holding that plaintiffs must present evidence of lack of probable cause in retaliatory prosecution suits under § 1983 and Bivens
• holding that when a retaliation claim is based on a criminal prosecution, a plaintiff must plead and prove lack of probable cause

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).