Columbia Hospital for Women Foundation, Inc. v. Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd.

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• “To be sure, for a court to conclude that a corporate entity ratified an unauthorized act, the intent must be clearly established and will not be inferred from doubtful or equivocal acts or language.”
• ―Moreover, at least one court has found that where a corporation appoints someone to act as ‗chief executive officer and chairman of the board . . . [a]ppointing a person to such a position may, in itself, create apparent authority in an employee.‘‖
• ―The District of Columbia Court of Appeals has held that for an unauthorized act to be ratified, the principal must have knowledge of the act and may ratify the act impliedly, but the conduct that implies ratification must be conduct that is ‗inconsistent with any other hypothesis.‘‖

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).