Ballenger Paving Co. v. Goldberg

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that a compensatory damage award of $900,000 was not excessive, even though the medical expenses for physical injuries were only $2,041
• holding that a compensatory damage award of $900,000 was not excessive, even though the medical expenses for physical injuries were only $2,041
• holding that to prove a Monell claim, a plaintiff must “(1) identify[] the specific ‘policy’ or ‘custom’; (2) fairly attribute[e] the policy and fault for its creation to the municipality; and (3
• noting that policy-making authority is “authority to set and implement general goals and programs of municipal government, as opposed to discretionary authority in purely operational aspects of government
• explaining that a plaintiff need not name multiple parties in their official capacities “to prose- cute a claim of municipal liability against a municipality”
• explaining that a policy that is not unconstitutional per se must be shown to have been the proximate cause of the constitutional violation

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).