Ashby v. Isle of Wight County School Board

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that § 1232h(b) does not create a private right of action and declining to reach whether it would be enforceable under § 1983
• noting that PPRA does not “create private causes of action. . . .”
• collecting cases for the notion that, “in addition to having knowledge of the subordinate’s action, the final policymaker must somehow actively assist the subordinate or participate in administering the action as policy”
• “[M]ere knowledge of the act is not enough. There must be some approval of the act, not just refusal to overrule the act.”
• “There must be some approval of the-act, not just refusal to overrule the act.”
• “The common thread in [ratification liability] cases is that in addition to having knowledge of the subordinate’s action, the final policymaker must somehow actively assist the subordinate or participate in administering the action as policy.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).