Arthur David Clifford v. Federico F. Pena, Secretary, United States Department of Transportation

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• holding that maritime unions had standing to challenge a Maritime Administration decision permitting an American carrier to operate foreign-flag vessels
• noting that “judicial review is normally confined to the administrative record . . . .”
• affirming district court’s decision allowing an agency decision- maker to supplement the record with a declaration providing useful background explanation of the agency’s decision
• permitting a declaration that provided background information about the subsidy program and the current state of the American shipping industry which informed the agency’s decision, and was well known to the agency and the parties but likely not the reviewing court
• “[T]here is nothing improper in receiving declarations that ‘merely illuminate reasons obscured but implicit in the administrative record.’”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).