Abtew v. United States Department of Homeland Security

How courts have described this case

Verbatim parenthetical descriptions written by other courts when citing this decision. Ranked by citation-network relevance.

• concluding that document was predecisional because it “was merely a recommendation to a supervisor,” and the supervisor, not the author of the document, “made the final decision”
• explaining that a “recommendation to a supervisor on a matter pending before the supervisor is a classic example of a deliberative document”
• holding that an Assessment “had no operative effect” (cleaned up)
• distinguishing \approval of [a] memo's bottom-line recommendation\ from \adoption or approval of all of the memo's reasoning\
• “A document is ‘predecisional’ if it precedes, in temporal sequence, the ‘decision’ to which it relates.”
• “A document is predecisional if it precedes, in temporal sequence, the decision to 24 which it relates.”

Source: CourtListener parenthetical corpus (CC0).