SBA

Small Business Administration

Supports small businesses and entrepreneurs

Founded
1953
Employees
3,293

Mission & Role

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History

History

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The SBA was created on July 30, 1953, by Republican President Eisenhower with the signing of the Small Business Act, currently codified at 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A. The Small Business Act was originally enacted as the "Small Business Act of 1953" in Title II (67 Stat. 232) of Pub. L. 83–163 (ch. 282, 67 Stat. 230, July 30, 1953); The "Reconstruction Finance Corporation Liquidation Act" was Title I, which abolished the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). The Small Business Act Amendments of 1958 ( Pub. L. 85–536, 72 Stat. 384, enacted July 18, 1958) withdrew Title II as part of that act and made it a separate act to be known as the "Small Business Act". Its function was and is to "aid, counsel, assist and protect, insofar as is possible, the interests of small business concerns".

The SBA has survived a number of threats to its existence. In 1996, the Republican-controlled House of Representatives planned to eliminate the agency.[8] It survived and went on to receive a record high budget in 2000.[9] Renewed efforts by the Bush Administration to end the SBA loan program met congressional resistance, although the SBA's budget was repeatedly cut, and in 2004 certain expenditures were frozen. The Obama administration supported SBA budgets and strengthened it through The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. SBA budgets were further strengthened by the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, and in 2011, President Obama announced that the SBA would double its support of rural small businesses to $350 million in the next 5 years.

Programs & Activities

Lending programs

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Loan Guarantee Program

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The 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program is designed to help entrepreneurs start or expand their small businesses. It is the most common loan program offered by the SBA.[11] The program makes capital available to small businesses through bank and non-bank lending institutions.[12] The Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 increased the maximum size of these loans, indefinitely, from $2 million to $5 million. According to the SBA website, it can be used for working capital (both short and long term), refinancing debt, and purchasing furniture, fixtures, and supplies.[11] There are some businesses that are ineligible for this program, such as real estate investment firms (where property is held for investment purposes), dealers of rare coins and stamps, and lending institutions like banks.[13] The SBA's guarantee on these loans encourages lenders to provide financing to small businesses that may not meet traditional loan criteria, making it a valuable lifeline for many entrepreneurs. SBA loans may have lower down payment and collateral requirements than with other forms of loan.[14]

Disaster Loan Program

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The SBA opens Disaster Loan Center in Austell, Georgia, October 26, 2009.

Homeowners and renters are eligible for long-term, low-interest loans to rebuild or repair a damaged property to pre-disaster condition.[15]

Businesses are also eligible for long-term, low-interest loans to recover from declared disasters.[16] Disaster Relief Loans are often approved within 21 days, an improvement since Hurricane Katrina, when the SBA took an average of 74 days to process applications.[17]

If a business with a Disaster Relief Loan defaults on the loan and the business is then closed, the SBA will pursue the business owner to liquidate all personal assets to satisfy an outstanding balance. The IRS will withhold any tax refund expected by the former business owner and apply the amount toward the loan balance.

Microloan Program

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The Microloan program provides direct loans to qualified nonprofit intermediary lenders who, in turn, provide "microloans" of up to $50,000 to small businesses and nonprofit child-care centers. It also provides marketing, management, and technical assistance to microloan borrowers and potential borrowers.[18]

Entrepreneurial development programs

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Small Business Development Centers

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Approximately 900 Small Business

Agency overview, history, and program data sourced from Wikipedia (CC-BY-SA 3.0).

Key Regulations

13 CFR 121active

Small Business Size Regulations

Defines what qualifies as a small business for federal programs based on industry-specific employee counts or revenue.

13 CFR 124active

8(a) Business Development Program

Helps socially disadvantaged small business owners compete for federal contracts through the 8(a) development program.

Enforcement Actions

No enforcement actions found for SBA in the current dataset.