Notice2026-18419
Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program; Fire Prevention and Safety Grants
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
September 10, 2026
Issuing agencies
Homeland Security DepartmentFederal Emergency Management Agency
Abstract
Pursuant to the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974, as amended, the Administrator of FEMA is publishing this notice describing the fiscal year (FY) 2025 Assistance to Firefighters Grant (AFG) and Fire Prevention and Safety (FP&S) grant programs application processes, deadlines and award selection criteria. This notice explains the differences, if any, between these guidelines and those recommended by representatives of the national fire service leadership during the annual meeting of the Criteria Development Panel (CDP), which was held September 9, 2025. The application period for the FY 2025 AFG Program was May 19, 2026, to June 22, 2026, and the FY 2025 FP&S Program was May 19, 2026, to June 22, 2026. The application periods were announced on the FEMA Fire Grant website at https://www.fema.gov/grants/ preparedness/firefighters, as well as at https://www.grants.gov.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 91 Issue 174 (Thursday, September 10, 2026)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 91, Number 174 (Thursday, September 10, 2026)]
[Notices]
[Pages 57629-57637]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2026-18419]
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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Federal Emergency Management Agency
[Docket ID FEMA-2026-0562]
Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program; Fire Prevention and
Safety Grants
AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of
Homeland Security (DHS).
ACTION: Notice.
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SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of
1974, as amended, the Administrator of FEMA is publishing this notice
describing the fiscal year (FY) 2025 Assistance to Firefighters Grant
(AFG) and Fire Prevention and Safety (FP&S) grant programs application
processes, deadlines and award selection criteria. This notice explains
the differences, if any, between these guidelines and those recommended
by representatives of the national fire service leadership during the
annual meeting of the Criteria Development Panel (CDP), which was held
September 9, 2025. The application period for the FY 2025 AFG Program
was May 19, 2026, to June 22, 2026, and the FY 2025 FP&S Program was
May 19, 2026, to June 22, 2026. The application periods were announced
on the FEMA Fire Grant website at <a href="https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters">https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters</a>, as well as at <a href="https://www.grants.gov">https://www.grants.gov</a>.
DATES: Grant applications for the FY 2025 AFG and FP&S Programs were
accepted electronically through the FEMA Grants Outcomes (FEMA GO)
system at <a href="https://go.fema.gov">https://go.fema.gov</a>, from May 19, 2026, to June 22, 2026.
ADDRESSES: DHS/FEMA/Resilience/Grant Programs Directorate, Fire Grants
Branch, 400 C St. SW, 3N, FEMA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20472-3635.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul Parsons, Branch Chief, Fire
Grants Branch, 866-274-0960 or <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#13557a61765461727d67605375767e723d777b603d747c65"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="b3f5dac1d6f4c1d2ddc7c0f3d5d6ded29dd7dbc09dd4dcc5">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The AFG program awards grants directly to
fire departments, nonaffiliated emergency medical service (EMS)
organizations, and state fire training academies (SFTA) to enhance the
health and safety of first responders and improve their abilities to
protect the public from fire and fire-related hazards.
The FP&S program awards grants directly to eligible fire
departments and national, regional, State, local, Territorial and
Tribal governments and nonprofit organizations such as academic (e.g.,
universities), public health, occupational health, and injury
prevention institutions to enhance the safety of the public and
firefighters, by assisting fire prevention programs and supporting
firefighter health and safety research and development. Eligible
organizations must be operating in any of the 50 States, as well as the
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,
the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, or any federally recognized Tribal Nation.
Applications for the FY 2025 AFG and FP&S Programs were submitted
and processed online at <a href="https://go.fema.gov">https://go.fema.gov</a>. Before the application
period opened, the FY 2025 AFG and FP&S notices of funding opportunity
(NOFO) were published on FEMA's website at <a href="https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters">https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters</a>, as well as at <a href="http://www.grants.gov">www.grants.gov</a>. FEMA's Fire
Grants web page provides additional information and materials useful
for FY 2025 AFG and FP&S applicants, including Frequently Asked
Questions, Application Checklists, Self-Evaluation Sheets, and a Cost-
Share Calculator, as well as Tips and Guidelines for FP&S R&D
applications. FEMA received 8,426 AFG applications and $291.6 million
in funding to support approximately 1,800 AFG grant awards. FEMA also
received 758 FP&S applications and $32.4 million in funding to support
approximately 100 FP&S grant awards.
Congressional Appropriations
Funding for the FP&S program is through the Assistance to
Firefighters Grant (AFG) Program. For the FY 2025 AFG program, Congress
appropriated $324 million through the Full-Year Continuing
Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, Public Law 119-4, 1101. From
this amount, $291.6 million will be made available for FY 2025 AFG
awards, and $32.4 million will be made available for FY 2025 FP&S
awards, pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 2229, which states that not less than 10%
of available grant funds each year must be awarded under the FP&S
program. Funds appropriated for FY 2025 will be available for
obligation and award until September 30, 2026. The Federal Fire
Prevention and Control Act of 1974 further directs FEMA to administer
AFG's appropriations according to the following requirements:
<bullet> Career fire departments: Not less than 25% of available
grant funds.
<bullet> Volunteer fire departments: Not less than 25% of available
grant funds.
<bullet> Combination fire departments and departments using paid-
on-call firefighting personnel: Not less than 25% of available grant
funds.
<bullet> Open competition (career, volunteer, and/or combination
fire departments and departments using paid-on-call firefighting
personnel): Not less than 10% of available grant funds awarded.
<bullet> EMS providers including fire departments and nonaffiliated
EMS organizations: Not less than 3.5% of available grant funds awarded.
<bullet> Nonaffiliated EMS providers: Not more than 2% of the total
available grant funds.
<bullet> State Fire Training Academies (SFTAs): Not more than 3% of
available grant funds shall be collectively awarded to SFTA applicants,
with a maximum of $500,000 per applicant.
<bullet> Vehicles: Not more than 25% of available grant funds may
be used for the purchase of vehicles; by policy and based on
recommendations, FEMA intends to dedicate 10% of those vehicle funds
for ambulances.
Background of the AFG Program
Since 2001, AFG has awarded approximately $9 billion in grant
funding to help firefighters and other first responders obtain
critically needed equipment, protective gear, emergency vehicles,
training, and other resources needed to protect the public and
emergency personnel from fire and fire-related hazards. FEMA awards
grants on a competitive basis to the applicants that best address the
AFG program's priorities and provide the most compelling justification.
Applications that best address AFG priorities, as identified in the
Application Evaluation Criteria section below, are reviewed by a panel
composed of fire service personnel. The AFG program has three program
activities:
<bullet> Operations and Safety;
<bullet> Vehicle Acquisition; and
<bullet> Regional Projects.
The priorities for each activity are fully outlined in the funding
notice.
Background of the FP&S Program
Since FY 2002, the FP&S program has provided nearly $750 million in
grant funding to provide critically needed resources to fire
departments and nonprofit organizations to carry out fire prevention
education and training, fire code enforcement, origin and cause
investigation, firefighter safety and health programming, prevention
efforts,
[[Page 57630]]
and research and development. FEMA awards grants on a competitive basis
to applicants that best address the FP&S program's priorities and
provide the most compelling justifications. Applications that best
address FP&S priorities, as identified in the Application Evaluation
Criteria section below, are reviewed by a panel composed of fire
service personnel. Those applicants to the R&D Activity scoring high on
the fire service panel review may also be reviewed by a panel of
scientists.
The FP&S Program activities include:
1. FP&S Activity: Activities designed to reach high-risk target
groups and mitigate the incidence of death, injuries, and property
damage caused by fire and fire-related hazards. The five project
categories eligible for funding under this activity are:
<bullet> Community Risk Reduction;
<bullet> Wildfire Risk Reduction;
<bullet> Code Enforcement/Awareness;
<bullet> Origin and Cause Investigation; and
<bullet> National/State/Regional Programs and Projects.
2. Research and Development (R&D) Activity: Projects aimed at
improving firefighter safety, health, or well-being through research
and development that reduce firefighter fatalities and injuries. The
four project categories eligible for funding under this activity are:
<bullet> Clinical Studies;
<bullet> Technology and Product Development;
<bullet> Preliminary Studies; and
<bullet> Early Career Investigator.
The priorities of each activity are fully outlined in the FP&S
program NOFO.
Application Evaluation Criteria
Before making a grant award, FEMA is required by 31 U.S.C. 3354, as
amended by the Payment Integrity Information Act of 2019, Public Law
116-117 (2020), 41 U.S.C. 2313, and 2 CFR 200.206 to review information
available through any Office of Management and Budget-designated
repositories of government-wide eligibility qualification or financial
integrity information. Therefore, application evaluation criteria will
include the following risk-based considerations of the applicant: (1)
financial stability; (2) quality of management systems and ability to
meet management standards; (3) history of performance in managing
Federal awards; (4) reports and findings from audits and monitoring;
and (5) ability to effectively implement statutory, regulatory, or
other requirements.
FEMA will rank all complete and submitted applications based on how
well they align with program priorities for the type of activity
requested. Answers to activity-specific questions provide information
used to determine each application's ranking relative to the stated
program priorities.
Funding priorities and criteria for evaluating AFG and FP&S
applications are established by FEMA based on the recommendations from
the Criteria Development Panel (CDP). The CDP is composed of fire
service professionals who make recommendations to FEMA regarding
creating new, or modifying previously established, funding priorities,
as well as developing criteria for awarding grants. The content of the
AFG and FP&S program NOFOs reflect implementation of the CDP's
recommendations with respect to the priorities and evaluation criteria
for awards.
The nine major fire service organizations represented on the CDP:
<bullet> Congressional Fire Service Institute
<bullet> International Association of Arson Investigators
<bullet> International Association of Fire Chiefs
<bullet> International Association of Fire Fighters
<bullet> International Society of Fire Service Instructors
<bullet> National Association of State Fire Marshals
<bullet> National Fire Protection Association
<bullet> National Volunteer Fire Council
<bullet> North American Fire Training Directors
Review and Selection Process
AFG and FP&S applications are scored competitively by members of a
Peer Review Panel. Applications with the highest score rankings per
activity will also be evaluated through a series of internal FEMA
review processes for completeness, adherence to programmatic
guidelines, technical feasibility, costs/quantities, and anticipated
effectiveness of the proposed project(s). Below is the process by which
applications will be reviewed:
AFG Program Review and Selection Process
AFG applications are reviewed through a multi-phase process. All
applications are electronically pre-scored and ranked based on how well
they align with the funding priorities outlined in the funding notice.
Applications with the highest pre-score rankings are then scored
competitively by no less than three members of a Peer Review Panel.
Applications are also evaluated through a series of internal FEMA
review processes for completeness, adherence to programmatic
guidelines, technical feasibility, and anticipated effectiveness of the
proposed project(s). Below is the process by which applications are
reviewed:
1. Pre-Scoring Process
The application undergoes an electronic pre-scoring process based
on established program priorities listed in the funding notice and
answers to activity-specific questions within the online application.
Application narratives are not reviewed during pre-scoring. Request
details and budget information should comply with program guidance and
statutory funding limitations. The pre-score is 50% of the total
application score.
2. Peer Review Panel Process
Applications with the highest pre-score undergo peer review. The
peer review is composed of fire service representatives recommended by
the organizations represented on the CDP. The panelists assess the
merits of each application based on the narrative section of the
application, including the evaluation elements listed in the Narrative
Evaluation Criteria below. Panelists independently score each project
within the application, discuss the merits and/or shortcomings of the
application with their peers, and document the findings. A consensus is
not required. The panel score is 50% of the total application score.
3. Technical Evaluation Process
The highest ranked applications will be considered within the
fundable range. Applications that are in the fundable range will
undergo both a Technical Review by a subject-matter expert as well as a
FEMA Program Office review before being recommended for award. The FEMA
Program Office will assess the request with respect to costs,
quantities, feasibility, eligibility, and recipient responsibility
prior to recommending any application for award. Once the Technical
Evaluation Process is complete, each application's cumulative score
will be determined, and a final ranking of applications will be
created. FEMA will award grants based on this final ranking and the
ability to meet statutorily required funding limitations outlined in
the funding notice.
Narrative Evaluation Criteria
1. Financial Need (25% of the Peer Review Score)
The financial need narrative is where applicants highlight their
department's financial situation. Applicants should include details
describing their financial
[[Page 57631]]
distress, summarize budget constraints, describe unsuccessful attempts
to secure other funding, and prove the situation does not allow them to
fund their project on their own.
2. Project Description (25% of the Peer Review Score)
The project description is where applicants describe their proposed
projects. Applicants should explain the problem they are trying to
solve and their plan to use AFG funds to solve it. Good narratives
include risk analyses, timelines and milestones, plans for anticipated
challenges and how they will execute their plan within the two-year
period of performance.
3. Cost-Benefit (25% of the Peer Review Score)
The cost-benefit narrative is where applicants describe how their
proposed projects will benefit their communities. Benefits should be
detailed and include numbers and dollar amounts whenever reasonable.
Applicants should describe how they intend to reduce costs. Good
narratives include formulas that relate benefits to costs, costs per
resident served, costs per call, or similar expressions.
4. Statement of Effect (25% of the Peer Review Score)
The statement of effect is the narrative where applicants describe
how their proposed projects will improve their daily operations. Good
narratives will detail the benefits to their service members, their
response times, cost reductions, and other internal improvements.
Eligible AFG Applicants
Fire Departments
Fire departments operating in any of the 50 States, as well as fire
departments in the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any federally recognized
tribal organization. A fire department is an agency or organization
having a formally recognized arrangement with a State, Territory, local
(city, county, parish, fire district, township, town or other governing
body), or tribal authority to provide fire suppression to a population
within a geographically fixed primary first due response area.
Nonaffiliated EMS Organizations
Nonaffiliated EMS organizations operating in any of the 50 States,
as well as the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any federally recognized Indian Tribe
or tribal organization. A nonaffiliated EMS organization is an agency
or organization that is a public or private nonprofit emergency medical
services entity providing medical transport that is not affiliated with
a hospital and does not serve a geographic area in which emergency
medical services are adequately provided by a fire department. FEMA
considers the following as hospitals under the AFG program:
<bullet> Clinics;
<bullet> Medical centers;
<bullet> Medical colleges or universities;
<bullet> Infirmaries;
<bullet> Surgery centers; and
<bullet> Any other institutions, associations, or foundations
providing medical, surgical, or psychiatric care and/or treatment for
the sick or injured.
State Fire Training Academies (SFTAs)
SFTAs operating in any of the 50 States, as well as the District of
Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S.
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico. Applicants must be designated either by legislation or by a
governor's declaration as the sole fire service training agency within
a State, Territory, or the District of Columbia and recognized by the
National Fire Academy. The designated SFTA shall be the only agency/
bureau/division, or entity within that State, Territory, or the
District of Columbia to be an eligible SFTA applicant under the AFG
program.
Non-Federal Airport and/or Port Authority Fire or EMS Organizations
These entities are eligible only if they have a formally recognized
arrangement with the local jurisdiction to provide fire suppression or
emergency medical services on a first-due basis outside the confines of
the airport or port facilities. Airport or port authority fire and EMS
organizations whose sole responsibility is suppression of fires or EMS
response on the airport grounds or port facilities are not eligible for
funding under the AFG program.
Ineligibility
FEMA considers two or more separate fire departments or
nonaffiliated EMS organizations with different funding streams,
personnel rosters, and Employer Identification Numbers (EIN) but
sharing the same facilities, as being separate organizations for the
purposes of AFG eligibility. If two or more organizations share
facilities and each submits an application in the same program area
(i.e., Equipment, Modifications to Facilities, Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE), Training, or Wellness and Fitness Programs), FEMA
reserves the right to review all of those program area applications for
eligibility. This determination is designed to avoid the duplication of
benefits.
Examples of ineligible applications and/or organizations include:
<bullet> Nonaffiliated EMS organization requests for any activity
that is specific or unique to structural/proximity/wildlands
firefighting gear.
<bullet> Fire departments that are a Federal Government entity, or
contracted by the Federal Government, and are solely responsible under
a formally recognized agreement for suppression of fires on Federal
installations or land.
<bullet> Fire departments or nonaffiliated EMS organizations that
are not independent entities but are part of, controlled by, or under
the day-to-day operational command and control of a larger department,
agency or Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
[cir] However, if a fire department is considered to be the same
legal entity as a municipality or other governmental organization, and
otherwise meets the eligibility criteria, that municipality or other
governmental organization may apply on behalf of that fire department
as long as the application clearly states that the fire department is
considered part of the same legal entity.
<bullet> Fire-based EMS organization applying as a nonaffiliated
EMS organization.
<bullet> Auxiliaries, hospitals or fire service associations or
interest organizations that are not the AHJ over the applicant.
<bullet> Dive teams, search and rescue squads, or similar
organizations that do not provide medical transport.
<bullet> Fire departments, regional or nonaffiliated EMS
organizations that are for profit.
<bullet> State or local agencies, or subsets of any governmental
entity, or any authority that do not meet the requirements as defined
by15 U.S.C. 2229(a), (c).
<bullet> If an applicant submits two or more applications for the
same equipment or other eligible activity (for example, if an applicant
submits two or more applications, one under the Regional activity, and
one under the Operations and Safety activity for self-contained
breathing apparatus [SCBA]), both applications may be disqualified. If
an applicant submits two separate applications for the same activity
(i.e., two separate vehicle applications for the same vehicle) during
the same
[[Page 57632]]
application period, both applications may be disqualified.
[cir] This is different from when an entity is applying on behalf
of other organizations that are agencies or instrumentalities of the
applicant (e.g., multiple fire departments under the same county, city,
borough, parish, or other municipality). In that situation, the
applicant may request similar or the same equipment as long as the
application clearly states which equipment (including quantities) is
for which agency/instrumentality. This is permissible even if that
entity submits multiple applications across regional versus direct
applications.
[cir] Eligible Fire Department and nonaffiliated EMS applicants may
submit only one application for each of the following application
types: Individual Operations and Safety, Individual Vehicle, Regional
Operations and Safety, and Regional Vehicle. Under the Operations and
Safety applications, applicants may submit for multiple activities and
for multiple items within each activity. Under the Vehicle application,
applicants may submit one application for a vehicle activity (or
activities) for their department and one separate application for a
regional vehicle (the same vehicle(s) may not be requested for both
purposes). All duplicate application submissions may be disqualified.
FP&S Program Review and Selection Process
1. Peer Review Panel Process
FP&S Activity Projects: All applications will be evaluated through
the Peer Review Panel process. The panelists will assess the merits of
each project within the application based on the narrative section of
the application using the evaluation elements listed in the Narrative
Evaluation Criteria below to calculate the narrative's score for each
activity requested. Panelists will independently score each requested
project within the application, discuss the merits and/or shortcomings
of the application with his or her peers, and document the findings. A
consensus is not required.
R&D Activity Projects: The Peer Review Panel process is composed of
a Fire Service Panel Review and a Science Panel Review.
Fire Service Panel Review
All eligible project applications will first be reviewed and scored
by a panel of fire service experts to assess the need for the research
results and the likelihood that the results would be implemented by the
fire service in the United States. The projects that are determined
most likely to be implemented to enable improvement in firefighter
safety, health, or well-being will be deemed to be in the ``competitive
range'' and will be forwarded to the second level of project review,
which is the scientific panel review process. A consensus is not
required.
Science Panel Review
This panel will be composed of scientists and technology experts
who have expertise pertaining to the subject matter of the proposal.
Scientific reviewers will independently score projects in the
competitive range based on the fire service panel evaluation and, if
necessary, discuss the merits or shortcomings of the project to
reconcile any major discrepancies identified by fellow reviewers. A
consensus is not required.
3. Technical Evaluation Process
The highest scoring project(s) for both activities will be
considered within the fundable range. Projects that are in the fundable
range will undergo a technical review by the FEMA FP&S Program Office
to assess the request with respect to costs, quantities, feasibility,
eligibility, and recipient responsibility prior to recommending any
application for award. Additionally, FEMA will review whether the
project duplicates other federally funded research or prevention
activities in order to avoid duplication. Once the technical evaluation
process is complete, each project's final score is determined, and a
final ranking of projects will be created. FEMA will award grants based
on this final ranking and the ability to meet statutorily required
funding limitations listed in this notice and FP&S program NOFO.
Narrative Evaluation Criteria
FP&S Activity Projects
1. Financial Need (Fire Departments--10%; Interest Organizations--0% of
the Peer Review Score)
Applicants must describe, in detail, their unique financial need in
the Applicant Information section of the application and detail how
consistent it is with their need for financial assistance to carry out
the proposed project(s). Applicants may include other unsuccessful
attempts to acquire financial assistance. Applicants should provide
details about their total operating budget, including a high-level
breakdown of the budget, the applicant's inability to address financial
needs without Federal assistance, and other actions the applicant has
taken to meet their needs (e.g., State assistance programs or other
grant programs).
Although interest organizations do not receive points for their
financial need, this information is necessary to holistically evaluate
and understand the applicant's financial need in comparison to
similarly situated applicants.
2. Commitment to Hazard (Fire) Mitigation (Fire Departments Only--5% of
the Peer Review Score)
Fire department applicants that can demonstrate their commitment
and proactive posture to reducing fire risk will receive higher
consideration. Applicants must explain their code adoption and
enforcement (to include Wildland Urban Interface [WUI] and commercial/
residential sprinkler code adoption and enforcement) and mitigation
strategies (including whether the jurisdiction has a FEMA-approved
hazard mitigation strategy). Applicants can also demonstrate their
commitment to reducing fire risk by applying to implement fire
mitigation strategies (code adoption and enforcement) via this
application.
3. Vulnerability Statement (Fire Departments--15%, Interest
Organizations--25% of the Peer Review Score)
The assessment of fire risk is essential in the development of an
effective project goal, as well as meeting FEMA's goal to reduce risk
by conducting a risk assessment as a basis for action. Vulnerability is
a ``weak link,'' demonstrating high-risk behavior, living conditions,
or any type of high-risk situation. The Vulnerability Statement should
include a detailed description of the steps taken to determine the
vulnerability and identify the target audience. The methodology for
determination of vulnerability (i.e., how the vulnerability was found)
should be discussed in-depth in the application's Narrative Statement.
The specific vulnerability that will be addressed with the proposed
project can be established through a formal or informal risk
assessment. FEMA encourages the use of local statistics to illustrate
the applicant's particular vulnerability, rather than national
statistics.
In a clear, concise statement, the applicant should summarize the
precise vulnerability the project will address, including who is at
risk, what the risks are, where the risks are, and how the risks can be
prevented, reduced, or mitigated.
[[Page 57633]]
For the purpose of the FP&S program NOFO, formal risk assessments
consist of the use of software programs or recognized expert analysis
that assess risk trends.
Informal risk assessments could include an in-house review of
available data (e.g.,/NERIS) to determine fire loss, burn injuries, or
loss of life over a period of time, and the factors that are the cause
and origin for each occurrence, including a lack of adoption or
enforcement of certain codes.
4. Project Description (Fire Departments--20%, Interest Organizations--
25% of the Peer Review Score)
Applicants must describe in detail not only the project components
but also how the proposed project addresses the identified capability
gap due to financial need and/or the specific vulnerabilities
identified in the vulnerability statement. The following information
should be included:
<bullet> Project components;
<bullet> Review of any existing programs or models that have been
successful;
<bullet> Detailed description of how the proposed project
components fill the identified capability gap; and
<bullet> If working with Fire Service partners/organizations,
identify each partner/organization and the role(s) they will fill in
the successful completion of the proposed project.
5. Implementation Plan (Fire Departments--25%, Interest Organizations--
30%)
Each project proposal should include nuanced details on the
implementation plan that discusses the proposed project's goals and
objectives. The following information should be included to support the
implementation plan:
<bullet> Goals and objectives;
<bullet> Details regarding the methods and specific steps that will
be used to achieve the goals and objectives;
<bullet> Timelines outlining the chronological project steps (this
is critical for determining the likelihood of the project's completion
within the period of performance);
<bullet> Where applicable, examples of marketing efforts to promote
the project, who will deliver the project (e.g., effective
partnerships), and the manner in which materials or deliverables will
be distributed;
<bullet> Requests for props (i.e., tools used in educational or
awareness demonstrations), including specific goals, measurable
results, and details on the frequency for which the prop will be
utilized. Applicants should include information describing the efforts
that will be used to reach the high-risk audience and/or the number of
people reached through the proposed project (examples of props include
safety trailers, puppets, or costumes); and
<bullet> Where human subjects are involved, indicate whether the
project has obtained exemption from the Institutional Review Board
(IRB) (for details see Section 9.A.a--Human Subjects Research of the
FP&S Program NOFO).
Note: Applicants proposing a complex project that may require a
24-month period of performance should include significant
justification and details in the implementation plan that justify
the applicant's need for a period of performance of more than 12
months.
6. Evaluation Plan (Fire Departments--15%, Interest Organizations--15%)
Projects should include a plan for evaluation of effectiveness and
identify measurable and quantifiable goals. Applicants seeking to carry
out awareness and educational projects, for example, should identify
how they intend to determine that there has been an increase in
knowledge about fire hazards, or measure a change in the safety
behaviors of the audience. Applicants should demonstrate how they will
measure risk at the outset of the project in comparison to how much the
risk decreased after the project is finished. There are various ways to
measure the knowledge gained about fire hazards, including the use of
surveys, pre- and post-tests, or documented observations. Applicants
are encouraged to attend training on evaluation methods, such as the
National Fire Academy's ``Demonstrating Your Community Risk Reduction
Program's Worth,'' <a href="https://apps.usfa.fema.gov/nfacourses/catalog/details/774">https://apps.usfa.fema.gov/nfacourses/catalog/details/774</a>.
Note: In addition to a detailed evaluation plan as described
above, if awarded, grant recipients are required to report on
specific performance metrics through performance reports and at
closeout (for details see Section 3.E--Performance Measures and
Targets of the FP&S program NOFO).
7. Cost-Benefit (Fire Departments--10%, Interest Organizations--5%)
Projects will be evaluated and scored by the Peer Review Panelists
based on how well the applicant addresses the fire prevention needs of
the department or organization in an economical and efficient manner.
The applicant should show how it will maximize the level of funding
that goes directly into the delivery of the project. The costs
associated with the project also must be reasonable for the target
audience that will be reached, and a description should be included of
how the anticipated project benefit(s) (quantified if possible)
outweighs the cost(s) of the requested item(s). The application should
provide justification for all costs included in the project to assist
the Technical Evaluation Panel with their review.
R&D Activity Projects
Peer review panelists will evaluate and score each project based on
the following narrative elements:
Fire Service Panel Evaluation Criteria
1. Purpose (25%)
Applicants should clearly identify the specific benefits of the
proposed research project to improve firefighter safety, health, or
well-being. The discussion should include: the specific risk to
firefighter safety, health, or well-being that the project will
address; the expected benefits of the project, including how the
project could prevent, reduce, or mitigate the specific risk; the gaps
in knowledge that will be addressed; and the general project methods
planned to produce the intended results. If applying under Early Career
Investigator, applicants should identify how this project will support
the professional development of the Principal Investigator (PI). If
applying under Preliminary Studies, applicants should consider the
project being proposed as well as the potential results of a closely
related future full-scale study.
2. Potential Impact (15%)
Applicants should discuss the potential impact of the research
outcome/product on firefighters. Applicants should discuss who will
benefit directly from the research outcome/product, i.e., the entire
fire service or specific portions (career, volunteer, structural,
wildland, fire investigators, etc.). The discussion should be supported
by describing the specific type(s) of impact to the safety, health, or
well-being of the identified group from use of the results in practice.
3. Implementation by Fire Service (25%)
Applicants should discuss how the outcomes/products of this
research, if successful, are likely to be widely/nationally adopted and
accepted by the fire service as changes that enhance firefighter
safety, health, or well-being. The discussion should include the
methods and costs associated with implementation at the fire department
level; and organizations, manufacturers,
[[Page 57634]]
and/or others that will need to be involved to aid the process of
adoption.
4. Barriers (15%)
Applicants should identify and discuss potential fire service and
other barriers to successfully completing the project on schedule,
including contingencies and strategies to deal with barriers if they
materialize. This may include barriers that could inhibit the proposed
fire service participation in the project, barriers that could inhibit
the adoption of successful results by the fire service when the project
is completed, or project components most likely to cause delay in
successful completion.
If applying under Early Career Investigator, applicants should
discuss potential barriers specific to that project, such as if the
principal investigator (PI) does not receive the expected mentorship.
5. Partners (20%)
Applicants should recognize that participation of the fire service
as a partner in the research from development to dissemination is
regarded as an essential part of all projects. Describe the fire
service partners and contractors that will support the project to
accomplish the objectives. The specific roles and contributions of the
partners to the project should be described. Partnerships should be
formed with national fire-related organizations and local and regional
fire departments appropriate for the project. Letters of support and
letters of commitment to actively participate in the project should be
included in the Appendix attachment to the application. Generally,
participants of a varied population, including both career and
volunteer firefighters, are expected to facilitate acceptance of
results nationally. In cases where this is not practical, due to the
nature of the project or other limitations, these circumstances should
be clearly explained.
Science Panel Evaluation Criteria
1. Project Purpose, Goals, Objectives, or Specific Aims (All
Applicants--15%)
Applicants should address how the purpose, goals, objectives, or
specific aims of the project will lead to results that will improve
firefighter safety, health, or well-being. Describe the specific goals,
objectives or specific aims for each year of the project.
1. Literature Review (All Applicants--10%)
Applicants should provide a literature review that is relevant to
the project's goals, objectives, and specific aims. The citations
should be placed in the narrative text and the complete references
listed at the end of the Narrative Statement (and not in the Appendix)
of the application. The review should be of sufficient depth to make it
clear that the proposed project is necessary, adds to an existing body
of knowledge, is different from current and previous studies, and
offers a unique contribution. Applicants may consider previously funded
R&D Activity projects, available at <a href="https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters/safety-awards/research-development">https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters/safety-awards/research-development</a>.
2. Project Methods (Early Career Investigator Applicants--15%, All
Other Applicants--20%)
Applicants should provide a description of how the project will be
carried out, including demonstration of the overall scientific and
technical rigor and the merit of the project. This includes the
operations to accomplish the purpose, goals, and objectives, and the
specific aims of the project. The roles and responsibilities of the
entire research team must be described, including the relevant sub-
contractors and sub-awardees involved in the project. Applicants should
provide supporting information for the research team in the Appendix,
including bio sketches and budget information. Plans to recruit and
retain human subjects, where applicable, should be described. Where
human subjects are involved, describe plans for submission to the IRB
(for details see Section 9.A--Human Subjects Research of the FP&S
program NOFO).
3. Project Measurements (Early Career Investigator Applicants--15%, All
Other Applicants--20%)
Applicants should provide evidence of the technical rigor and merit
of the project, such as data pertaining to validity, reliability, and
sensitivity (where established) of the facilities, equipment,
instruments, standards, and procedures that will be used to carry out
the research. The applicant should discuss the data to be collected to
evaluate the performance methods, technologies, and products proposed
to enhance firefighter safety, health, or well-being. The applicant
should demonstrate that the measurement methods and equipment selected
for use are appropriate and sufficient to successfully deliver the
proposed project objectives.
4. Project Analysis (Early Career Investigator Applicants--15%, All
Other Applicants--20%)
The applicant should indicate the planned approach for analysis of
the data obtained from measurements, questionnaires, or computations.
Specify within the plan what will be analyzed, the statistical methods
that will be used, the sequence of steps, and interactions as
appropriate. It should be clear that the PI and research team have the
expertise to perform the planned analysis and defend the results in a
peer review process. The adequacy of the number of participants,
samples, or tests to address the research question should be discussed.
5. Dissemination and Implementation (All Applicants--15%)
Applicants should indicate dissemination plans for both scientific
audiences (e.g., plans for submissions to specific peer review
publications) and firefighter audiences (e.g., via websites, magazines,
and conferences). Also, assuming positive results and where applicable,
indicate future steps that would support dissemination and
implementation throughout the fire service. These are likely to be
beyond the current study, so those features of the research activity
that will facilitate future dissemination and implementation should be
discussed. All applicants should specify how the results of the
project, if successful, might be disseminated and implemented in the
fire service to improve firefighter safety, health or well-being.
Additionally, an applicant should specify how the results of the
project, if it does not achieve proposed goals, might be disseminated
in the fire service to document lessons and inform future projects for
improving firefighter safety, health, or well-being.
6. Mentoring (Early Career Investigator Applicants Only--15%)
An important factor in the evaluation of Early Career Investigator
projects is the participation of a mentor(s) in the project. A mentor
for the PI should be an experienced researcher in areas appropriate to
the research project and be able to provide support to the PI for
ongoing development of knowledge and skills throughout the project. The
mentor needs to have relationships with the fire service community
sufficient to assist the PI in building relationships with fire
departments and fire service organizations. The mentor has a role to
support the applicant from defining the project and submitting the
application for funding through the completion of a
[[Page 57635]]
funded project. The applicant should identify the mentor(s) that has
agreed to support the applicant and the proposed mentoring plan. In the
plan, the applicant should discuss the role of the mentor(s) in the
project and the expected benefits of the mentoring relationship to the
applicant and the project. A biographical sketch and letter of
commitment/support from the mentor(s) are required to be included in
the Appendix document.
Eligible Applicants
FP&S Activity: Fire departments operating in any of the 50 States,
as well as fire departments in the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands,
Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any federally
recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal government. A fire department is an
agency or organization having a formally recognized arrangement with a
State, local (city, county, parish, fire district, township, town, or
other governing body), Tribal government, or Territorial authority to
provide fire suppression to a population within a geographically fixed
primary first due response area. National, regional, State, local,
Tribal Nation and nonprofit interest organizations that are recognized
for their experience and expertise in fire prevention and safety
programs and activities are eligible applicants.
R&D Activity: National, State, local, federally recognized Tribal
government, and nonprofit organizations, such as academic (e.g.,
universities), research foundations, public safety institutes, public
health, occupational health, and injury prevention institutions.
Ineligibility
<bullet> To avoid a duplication of benefits, FEMA reserves the
right to review all program activities or grant applications where two
or more organizations share a single facility. To be eligible as a
separate organization, two or more fire departments, national, State,
local, federally recognized Tribal government, and nonprofit interest
organizations, and other nonprofit organizations, such as academic
(e.g., universities), public health, occupational health, and injury
prevention institutions will have different funding streams, personnel
rosters, or Employer Identification Numbers (EINs). If two or more
organizations share facilities and each submits an application in the
same activity (e.g., Community Risk Reduction, Wildfire Risk Reduction,
Code Enforcement/Awareness, Origin and Cause Investigation, or
National/State/Regional Programs and Projects), FEMA will carefully
review all of those program area applications for eligibility.
<bullet> For-profit organizations, Federal agencies, and
individuals are not eligible to apply for FP&S Program funding.
Statutory Limits to Funding
AFG Program
AFG program awards are limited based on population served (15
U.S.C. 2229(c)(2)). Additionally, no single grant may exceed 1% of the
available grant funds in a fiscal year, except where it is determined
that a recipient has an extraordinary need for a grant in an amount
that exceeds the 1% aggregate limit.
<bullet> In the case of a recipient that serves a jurisdiction with
100,000 people or fewer, the amount of available grant funds awarded to
such recipient shall not exceed $1 million in any fiscal year.
<bullet> In the case of a recipient that serves a jurisdiction with
more than 100,000 people, but not more than 500,000 people, the amount
of available grant funds awarded to such recipient shall not exceed $2
million in any fiscal year.
<bullet> In the case of a recipient that serves a jurisdiction with
more than 500,000 people, but not more than 1 million people, the
amount of available grant funds awarded to such recipient shall not
exceed $2.91 million in any fiscal year.
<bullet> In the case of a recipient that serves a jurisdiction with
more than 1 million people, but not more than 2.5 million people, the
amount of available grant funds awarded to such recipient is subject to
the 1% aggregate cap of $2.91 million for FY 2025. FEMA may waive this
aggregate cap in individual cases where FEMA determines that a
recipient has an extraordinary need for a grant that exceeds the
aggregate cap. If FEMA waives the aggregate cap, the amount of grant
funds awarded to such a recipient shall not exceed $6 million for any
fiscal year.
<bullet> In the case of a recipient that serves a jurisdiction with
more than 2.5 million people, the amount of available grant funds
awarded to such recipient is subject to the 1% aggregate cap of $2.91
million for FY 2025. FEMA may waive this aggregate cap in individual
cases where FEMA determines that a recipient has an extraordinary need
for a grant that exceeds the aggregate cap. If FEMA waives the
aggregate cap, the amount of grant funds awarded to such recipient
shall not exceed $9 million for any fiscal year.
<bullet> FEMA may not waive the population-based limits on the
amount of grant funds awarded as set by 15 U.S.C. 2229(c)(2)(A).
The cumulative total of the Federal share of awards in Operations
and Safety, Regional, and Vehicle Acquisition activities will be
considered when assessing award amounts and any limitations thereto.
Applicants may request funding up to the statutory limit on each of
their applications.
For example, an applicant that serves a jurisdiction with more than
100,000 people, but not more than 500,000 people, may request up to $2
million on their Operations and Safety Application and up to $2 million
on their Vehicle Acquisition request. However, should both grants be
awarded, the applicant would have to choose which award to accept if
the cumulative value of both applications exceeds the statutory limits.
Cost Sharing and Maintenance of Effort
AFG Program grant recipients must share in the costs of the
projects funded under this grant program as required by 15 U.S.C.
2229(k)(1) and in accordance with applicable Federal regulations at 2
CFR part 200, but they are not required to have the cost-share at the
time of application nor at the time of award. However, before a grant
is awarded, FEMA validates that the grant recipient has provided
sufficient evidence that the cost-share requirement will be fulfilled
during the performance period of the grant award.
In general, an eligible applicant seeking a grant shall agree to
make available non-Federal funds equal to not less than 15% of the
grant awarded. However, the cost share will vary as follows based on
the size of the population served by the organization, with exceptions
to this general requirement for entities serving smaller communities:
Applicants that serve populations of 20,000 or less shall agree to
make available non-Federal funds in an amount equal to not less than 5%
of the grant awarded.
Applicants serving areas with populations above 20,000, but not
more than 1 million, shall agree to make available non-Federal funds in
an amount equal to not less than 10% of the grant awarded.
Applicants serving areas with populations above 1 million shall
agree to make available non-Federal funds in an amount equal to not
less than 15% of the grant awarded.
The cost share for SFTAs will apply the requirements above based on
the total population of the State.
The cost share for a regional application will apply the
requirements
[[Page 57636]]
above based on the aggregate population of the primary first due
response areas of the host and participating partner organizations that
execute a Memorandum of Understanding as described in Appendix B,
Regional Applications Overview, of the FY 2025 AFG funding notice.
On a case-by-case basis, FEMA may allow a grant recipient that may
already own assets (equipment or vehicles), acquired with non-Federal
cash, to use the trade-in allowance/credit value of those assets as
``cash'' for the purpose of meeting the cost-share obligation of their
AFG program award. In-kind, cost-share matches are not allowed. Grant
recipients under this grant program must also agree to a maintenance of
effort requirement as required by 15 U.S.C. 2229(k)(3) (referred to as
a ``maintenance of expenditure'' requirement in that statute). A grant
recipient shall agree to maintain during the term of the grant the
applicant's aggregate expenditures relating to the activities allowable
under the funding notice at not less than 80% of the average amount of
such expenditures in the two fiscal years preceding the fiscal year in
which the grant amounts are received.
FP&S Program
FP&S Program awards are limited to a maximum Federal share of $1.5
million dollars regardless of applicant type, in accordance with 15
U.S.C. 2229(d)(2). FP&S R&D Activity applicants that applied under the
Early Career Investigator category are limited to a maximum Federal
share of $600,000 per project.
Cost Sharing and Maintenance of Effort
Grant recipients must share in the costs of the projects funded
under this grant program as required by 15 U.S.C. 2229(k)(1) and in
accordance with the applicable Federal regulations at 2 CFR part 200,
but they were not required to have the cost share at the time of
application nor are they required to have it at the time of award.
However, before a grant is awarded, FEMA validates that the grant
recipient provided sufficient evidence that the cost-share requirement
will be fulfilled during the performance period of the grant award.
In general, an eligible applicant seeking an FP&S Program grant
shall agree to make available non-Federal funds equal to not less than
5% of the grant awarded. Cash match and in-kind matches are both
allowable. Cash (hard) matches include non-Federal cash spent for
project-related costs. In-kind (soft) matches include, but are not
limited to, the valuation of in-kind services; complementary
activities; and provision of staff, facilities, services, material, or
equipment. In-kind is the value of something received or provided that
does not have a cost associated with it. For example, where an in-kind
match (other than cash payments) is permitted, then the value of
donated services could be used to comply with the match requirement.
Also, third party in-kind contributions may count toward satisfying
match requirements provided the grant recipient receiving the
contributions expends them as allowable costs in compliance with
provisions listed above.
Grant recipients under the FP&S program must also agree to a
maintenance of effort requirement as required by 15 U.S.C. 2229(k)(3)
(referred to as a ``maintenance of expenditure'' requirement in that
statute). A grant recipient shall agree to maintain during the term of
the grant the applicant's aggregate expenditures relating to the
activities allowable under the FP&S program NOFO at not less than 80%
of the average amount of such expenditures in the two fiscal years
preceding the fiscal year in which the grant amounts are received.
Application Process
AFG Program
Organizations may submit one application per application period in
each of the three AFG Program activities (e.g., one application for
Operations and Safety, one for Vehicle Acquisition, and/or a separate
application to be a Joint/Regional project host). If an organization
submits more than one application for any single AFG program activity
(e.g., two applications for Operations and Safety, two for Vehicles),
either intentionally or unintentionally, both applications may be
disqualified.
Applicants may access the grant application electronically at
<a href="https://go.fema.gov/">https://go.fema.gov/</a>.
New applicants must register and establish a username and password
for secure access to the grant application. Previous AFG program
applicants must use their previously established username and password.
Applicants are expected to answer questions about their grant
request that reflect the AFG Program funding priorities. In addition,
each applicant must complete four separate narratives for each project
or grant activity requested. Grant applicants will also provide
relevant information about their organization's characteristics, call
volume, and existing organizational capabilities.
FP&S Program
Organizations may apply for funding under both eligible activities
(FP&S and R&D) but must complete separate applications for each
eligible activity. Each application may be for up to three projects
under that activity; however, each project within an application must
be presented separately as a free-standing proposal. Organizations are
limited to one application per activity, per application period. If an
organization submits more than one application for the same activity,
either intentionally or unintentionally, both applications may be
disqualified. Also note that any single entity is limited to a total
award of $1.5 million from both activities.
Applicants access the grant application electronically at <a href="https://go.fema.gov">https://go.fema.gov</a>.
The application is also accessible from the <a href="http://Grants.gov">Grants.gov</a> website at
<a href="http://www.grants.gov">http://www.grants.gov</a>. New applicants must register in the FEMA Grants
Outcomes system (FEMA GO) and establish a username and password for
secure access to the grant application. Previous FP&S program
applicants must use their previously established username and password
for FEMA GO.
Applicants are expected to answer questions about their grant
request that reflect the FP&S Program funding priorities. In addition,
applicants must complete narratives for each project requested.
During the FY 2025 FP&S program application period, FEMA released
videos online to inform potential applicants about the FP&S Program. In
addition, FEMA provided applicants with information on the FP&S web
page, <a href="https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters/safety-awards/documents">https://www.fema.gov/grants/preparedness/firefighters/safety-awards/documents</a>, to help them prepare quality grant applications. The
Fire Grants Help Desk is staffed throughout the application period to
assist applicants with the automated application process, as well as
answer any questions.
Applicants can reach the Fire Grants Help Desk through a toll-free
telephone number Monday through Friday 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET (866-274-
0960) or email at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="690f001b0c0e1b08071d1a290f0c0408470d011a470e061f">[email protected]</a>.
System for Award Management (SAM)
Per 2 CFR 25.200, all Federal grant applicants and recipients must
register at <a href="https://SAM.gov">https://SAM.gov</a>. SAM is the Federal Government's System for
Award Management, and registration is free of charge. Effective April
4, 2022, the
[[Page 57637]]
Federal Government transitioned from using the Data Universal Numbering
System or DUNS number, to a new, non-proprietary identifier known as a
Unique Entity Identifier or UEI. For entities that had an active
registration in <a href="http://SAM.gov">SAM.gov</a> before this date, the UEI has automatically
been assigned, and no action is necessary. For all entities filing a
new registration in <a href="http://SAM.gov">SAM.gov</a>, the UEI will be assigned to that entity as
part of the <a href="http://SAM.gov">SAM.gov</a> registration process. FEMA will not make a Federal
award until the applicant has complied with all applicable SAM
requirements. Therefore, an applicant's SAM registration must be active
not only at the time of application, but also during the application
review period and when FEMA is ready to make a Federal award.
Criteria Development Panel Recommendation
For FY 2025, FEMA accepted, and will implement, most of the CDP's
recommendations as described below.
Adopted and Implemented Recommendations for FY 2025
The FY 2025 AFG and FP&S NOFOs contain some changes to definitions,
descriptions, and priority categories from the previous fiscal year.
Changes include:
AFG Program:
<bullet> Under Equipment Activity: Priority 1 programs are now
designated as High Priority, while Priority 2 programs are designated
as Medium Priority.
<bullet> Under Wellness and Fitness Activity: a clarification that
ineligible participants have been updated to anyone other than fire
personnel, fire inspector, or EMS personnel;
<bullet> Props (single-use or permanent) essential for training
programs requested in the application cannot exceed $100,000 for
Operations and Safety.
<bullet> Excess Funds restrictions have been updated
<bullet> Period of Performance Extensions and amendment requests
have been updated
FP&S Program:
<bullet> Under Appendix B, FP&S Activity Overview:
<bullet> Added Wildfire Sprinkler Trailers and Tripod Sprinklers as
examples of eligible Wildfire Risk Reduction projects when proposed as
part of a WUI education/awareness effort.
<bullet> Added salary and overtime expenses paid to backfill for
activities during Origin and Cause Investigator training as an eligible
project.
<bullet> Removed fire extinguisher training for adults over the age
of 65 from the list of Ineligible Projects and Items.
Adopted and To Be Implemented in Future Cycles
AFG Program
Below is a list of recommendations that were not adopted for FY
2025 due to FEMA GO system limitations and the ability to update
changes in the online platform:
<bullet> Brush Trucks have been added as a High-Priority vehicle
request for Regional Applicants.
<bullet> To promote consistency and improve data tracking, tuition
costs, travel expenses, and other common expenses as separate,
selectable line-item options within the application.
<bullet> Limiting funding to exercise equipment, physical
evaluations, and formal fitness program development costs, excluding
other equipment or items identified as Priority 2 within the NOFO.
<bullet> Unscored question to be added in the application asking
applicants to outline their plans for sustaining wellness and fitness
awards the future.
<bullet> Add a new series of scored questions to more effectively
assess the need for Wellness & Fitness funding and ensure alignment
with program priorities.
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2229.
Cameron Hamilton,
Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency.
[FR Doc. 2026-18419 Filed 9-9-26; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-78-P
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This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.