Notice2026-05495

Large Diameter Graphite Electrodes From the People's Republic of China and India: Initiation of Less-Than-Fair-Value Investigations

Primary source

Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.

Published
March 20, 2026

Issuing agencies

Commerce DepartmentInternational Trade Administration

Full Text

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<title>Federal Register, Volume 91 Issue 54 (Friday, March 20, 2026)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 91, Number 54 (Friday, March 20, 2026)]
[Notices]
[Pages 13581-13586]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2026-05495]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

International Trade Administration

[A-570-220, A-533-948]


Large Diameter Graphite Electrodes From the People's Republic of 
China and India: Initiation of Less-Than-Fair-Value Investigations

AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, 
Department of Commerce.

DATES: Applicable March 16, 2026.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Deborah Cohen at (202) 482-4521 (the 
People's Republic of China (China)) and Hannah Lee at (202) 482-1216 
(India), AD/CVD Operations, Enforcement and Compliance, International 
Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution 
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

The Petitions

    On February 24, 2026, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) 
received antidumping duty (AD) petitions concerning imports of large 
diameter graphite electrodes (large graphite electrodes) from China and 
India, filed in proper form on behalf of the LDGE Fair Trade Coalition 
and its individual members (the petitioners).\1\ The AD Petitions were 
accompanied by countervailing duty (CVD) petitions concerning imports 
of large graphite electrodes from China and India.\2\
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    \1\ See Petitioners' Letter, ``Petition for the Imposition of 
Antidumping and Countervailing Duties,'' dated February 24, 2026 
(Petitions). The individual members of the LDGE Fair Trade Coalition 
are Resonac Graphite America Inc. and Tokai Carbon GE LLC. Id.
    \2\ Id.
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    Between February 27 and March 10, 2026, Commerce requested 
supplemental information pertaining to certain aspects of the Petitions 
in supplemental questionnaires.\3\ Between March 3 and 11, 2026, the 
petitioners filed timely responses to these requests for additional 
information.\4\
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    \3\ See Commerce's Letters, ``Supplemental Questions,'' dated 
February 27, 2026 (First General Issues Supplemental Questionnaire); 
First Country-Specific AD Questionnaires: India AD Questionnaire and 
China AD Supplemental Questionnaire, dated February 27 and March 2, 
2026, respectively; and Second Country-Specific AD Questionnaires: 
Second India AD Questionnaire and Second China AD Questionnaire, 
dated March 4 and 10, 2026; see also Memorandum, ``Teleconference 
with Counsel to the Petitioners,'' dated March 10, 2026 (March 10, 
2026, Memorandum).
    \4\ See Petitioners' Letters, ``Response to Supplemental 
Questions,'' dated March 4, 2026 (First General Issues Supplement); 
Country-Specific AD Supplemental Responses: India AD Supplement and 
China AD Supplement, dated March 3 and 5, 2026; Second Country-
Specific AD Supplemental Responses: India AD Supplement and China AD 
Supplement, dated March 6 and 11, 2026; and ``Petitioners' Second 
Supplement to Volume I of the Petition for the Imposition of 
Antidumping and Countervailing Duties on Imports from China and 
India,'' dated March 11, 2026 (Second General Issues Supplement).
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    In accordance with section 732(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as 
amended (the Act), the petitioners allege that imports of large 
graphite electrodes from China and India are being, or are likely to 
be, sold in the United States at less than fair value (LTFV) within the 
meaning of section 731 of the Act, and that imports of such products 
are materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, the large 
graphite electrodes industry in the United States. Consistent with 
section 732(b)(1) of the Act, the Petitions were accompanied by 
information reasonably available to the petitioners supporting their 
allegations.
    Commerce finds that the petitioners filed the Petitions on behalf 
of the domestic industry, because the petitioners are interested 
parties, as defined in sections 771(9)(C) and (F) of the Act. Commerce 
also finds that the petitioners demonstrated sufficient industry 
support for the initiation of the requested LTFV investigations.\5\
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    \5\ See section on ``Determination of Industry Support for the 
Petitions,'' infra.
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Periods of Investigations (POI)

    Because the Petitions were filed on February 24, 2026, pursuant to 
19 CFR 351.204(b)(1), the POI for the India LTFV investigation is 
January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. Because China is a non-
market economy (NME) country, pursuant to 19 CFR 351.204(b)(1), the POI 
for the China LTFV investigation is July 1, 2025, through December 31, 
2025.

Scope of the Investigations

    The products covered by these investigations are large graphite 
electrodes from China and India. For a full description of the scope of 
these investigations, see the appendix to this notice.

Comments on the Scope of the Investigations

    Between February 27 and March 10, 2026, Commerce requested 
information and clarification from the petitioners regarding the 
proposed scope to ensure that the scope language in the Petitions is an 
accurate reflection of the products for which the domestic industry is 
seeking relief.\6\ Between March 4 and 11, 2026, the petitioners 
provided clarifications and revised the scope.\7\ The description of 
merchandise covered by these investigations, as described in the 
appendix to this notice, reflects these clarifications.
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    \6\ See First General Issues Supplemental Questionnaire; see 
also March 10, 2026, Memorandum.
    \7\ See First General Issues Supplement at 5-17 and Exhibits 
GEN-SUPP-4 and GEN-SUPP-5; see also Second General Issues Supplement 
at 2-7 and Exhibit GEN-SUPP2-1.
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    As discussed in the Preamble to Commerce's regulations, we are 
setting aside a period for interested parties to raise issues regarding 
product coverage (i.e., scope).\8\ Commerce will consider all scope 
comments received from interested parties and, if necessary, will 
consult with interested parties prior to the issuance of the 
preliminary determinations. If scope comments include factual 
information, all such factual information should be limited to public 
information.\9\ Commerce requests that interested parties provide at 
the beginning of their scope comments a public executive summary for 
each comment or issue raised in their submission. Commerce further 
requests that interested parties limit their public executive summary 
of each comment or issue to no more than 450 words, not including 
citations. Commerce intends to use the public executive summaries as 
the basis of the comment summaries included in the analysis of scope 
comments. To facilitate preparation of its questionnaires, Commerce 
requests that scope comments be submitted by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time 
(ET) on April 6, 2026, which is the next business day after 20 calendar 
days from the

[[Page 13582]]

signature date of this notice.\10\ Any rebuttal comments, which may 
include factual information, and should also be limited to public 
information, must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on April 16, 2026, which is 
10 calendar days from the initial comment deadline.
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    \8\ See Antidumping Duties; Countervailing Duties, Final Rule, 
62 FR 27296, 27323 (May 19, 1997) (Preamble); see also 19 CFR 
351.312.
    \9\ See 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) (defining ``factual 
information'').
    \10\ The deadline for scope comments falls on April 5, 2026, 
which is a Sunday. Commerce's practice dictates that where a 
deadline falls on a weekend or federal holiday, the appropriate 
deadline is the next business day (in this instance, April 6, 2026). 
See 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1) (``For both electronically filed and 
manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-
business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on 
the next business day.'').
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    Commerce requests that any factual information that parties 
consider relevant to the scope of these investigations be submitted 
during that period. However, if a party subsequently finds that 
additional factual information pertaining to the scope of the 
investigations may be relevant, the party must contact Commerce and 
request permission to submit the additional information. All scope 
comments must be filed simultaneously on the records of the concurrent 
LTFV and CVD investigations.

Filing Requirements

    All submissions to Commerce must be filed electronically via 
Enforcement and Compliance's Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty 
Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS), unless an exception 
applies.\11\ An electronically filed document must be received 
successfully in its entirety by the time and date it is due.
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    \11\ See Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings: 
Electronic Filing Procedures; Administrative Protective Order 
Procedures, 76 FR 39263 (July 6, 2011); see also Enforcement and 
Compliance; Change of Electronic Filing System Name, 79 FR 69046 
(November 20, 2014), for details of Commerce's electronic filing 
requirements, effective August 5, 2011. Information on using ACCESS 
can be found at <a href="https://access.trade.gov/help.aspx">https://access.trade.gov/help.aspx</a> and a handbook 
can be found at <a href="https://access.trade.gov/help/Handbook_on_Electronic_Filing_Procedures.pdf">https://access.trade.gov/help/Handbook_on_Electronic_Filing_Procedures.pdf</a>.
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Comments on Product Characteristics

    Commerce is providing interested parties an opportunity to comment 
on the appropriate physical characteristics of large graphite 
electrodes to be reported in response to Commerce's AD questionnaires. 
This information will be used to identify the key physical 
characteristics of the subject merchandise in order to report the 
relevant factors of production (FOP) or cost of production (COP) 
accurately, as well as to develop appropriate product comparison 
criteria.
    Interested parties may provide any information or comments that 
they feel are relevant to the development of an accurate list of 
physical characteristics. Specifically, they may provide comments as to 
which characteristics are appropriate to use as: (1) general product 
characteristics; and (2) product comparison criteria. We note that it 
is not always appropriate to use all product characteristics as product 
comparison criteria. We base product comparison criteria on meaningful 
commercial differences among products. In other words, although there 
may be some physical product characteristics utilized by manufacturers 
to describe large graphite electrodes, it may be that only a select few 
product characteristics take into account commercially meaningful 
physical characteristics. In addition, interested parties may comment 
on the order in which the physical characteristics should be used in 
matching products. Generally, Commerce attempts to list the most 
important physical characteristics first and the least important 
characteristics last.
    In order to consider the suggestions of interested parties in 
developing and issuing the AD questionnaires, all product 
characteristics comments must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on April 6, 
2026, which is the next business day after 20 calendar days from the 
signature date of this notice.\12\ Any rebuttal comments must be filed 
by 5:00 p.m. ET on April 16, 2026, which is 10 calendar days from the 
initial comment deadline. All comments and submissions to Commerce must 
be filed electronically using ACCESS, as explained above, on the record 
of both of the LTFV investigations.
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    \12\ The deadline for product characteristics falls on April 5, 
2026, which is a Sunday. Commerce's practice dictates that where a 
deadline falls on a weekend or federal holiday, the appropriate 
deadline is the next business day (in this instance, April 6, 2026). 
See 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1) (``For both electronically filed and 
manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-
business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on 
the next business day.'').
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Determination of Industry Support for the Petitions

    Section 732(b)(1) of the Act requires that a petition be filed on 
behalf of the domestic industry. Section 732(c)(4)(A) of the Act 
provides that a petition meets this requirement if the domestic 
producers or workers who support the petition account for: (i) at least 
25 percent of the total production of the domestic like product; and 
(ii) more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like 
product produced by that portion of the industry expressing support 
for, or opposition to, the petition. Moreover, section 732(c)(4)(D) of 
the Act provides that, if the petition does not establish support of 
domestic producers or workers accounting for more than 50 percent of 
the total production of the domestic like product, Commerce shall: (i) 
poll the industry or rely on other information in order to determine if 
there is support for the petition, as required by subparagraph (A); or 
(ii) determine industry support using a statistically valid sampling 
method to poll the ``industry.''
    Section 771(4)(A) of the Act defines the ``industry'' as the 
producers as a whole of a domestic like product. Thus, to determine 
whether a petition has the requisite industry support, the statute 
directs Commerce to look to producers and workers who produce the 
domestic like product. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), 
which is responsible for determining whether ``the domestic industry'' 
has been injured, must also determine what constitutes a domestic like 
product in order to define the industry. While both Commerce and the 
ITC apply the same statutory definition regarding the domestic like 
product,\13\ they do so for different purposes and pursuant to a 
separate and distinct authority. In addition, Commerce's determination 
is subject to limitations of time and information. Although this may 
result in different definitions of the like product, such differences 
do not render the decision of either agency contrary to law.\14\
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    \13\ See section 771(10) of the Act.
    \14\ See USEC, Inc. v. United States, 132 F.Supp.2d 1, 8 (CIT 
2001) (citing Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United States, 688 F. 
Supp. 639, 644 (CIT 1988), aff'd Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United 
States, 865 F.2d 240 (Fed. Cir. 1989)).
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    Section 771(10) of the Act defines the domestic like product as ``a 
product which is like, or in the absence of like, most similar in 
characteristics and uses with, the article subject to an investigation 
under this title.'' Thus, the reference point from which the domestic 
like product analysis begins is ``the article subject to an 
investigation'' (i.e., the class or kind of merchandise to be 
investigated, which normally will be the scope as defined in the 
petition).
    With regard to the domestic like product, the petitioner does not 
offer a definition of the domestic like product distinct from the scope 
of the investigations.\15\ Based on our analysis

[[Page 13583]]

of the information submitted on the record, we have determined that 
large graphite electrodes, as defined in the scope, constitute a single 
domestic like product, and we have analyzed industry support in terms 
of that domestic like product.\16\
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    \15\ For a discussion of the domestic like product analysis as 
applied to these cases and information regarding industry support, 
see Checklists, ``Antidumping Duty Investigation Initiation 
Checklists: Large Graphite Electrodes from the People's Republic of 
China and India,'' dated concurrently with, and hereby adopted by, 
this notice (Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists), at 
Attachment II, Analysis of Industry Support for the Antidumping and 
Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Large Diameter Graphite 
Electrodes from the People's Republic of China and India (Attachment 
II). These checklists are on file electronically via ACCESS.
    \16\ For further discussion, see Attachment II of the Country-
Specific AD Initiation Checklists.
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    In determining whether the petitioners have standing under section 
732(c)(4)(A) of the Act, we considered the industry support data 
contained in the Petitions with reference to the domestic like product 
as defined in the ``Scope of the Investigations,'' in the appendix to 
this notice. To establish industry support, the petitioners provided 
their own production of the domestic like product in 2025. The 
petitioners identified themselves as the only two producers of large 
graphite electrodes in the United States; therefore, the Petitions are 
supported by 100 percent of the U.S. industry.\17\ We relied on data 
provided by the petitioners for purposes of measuring industry 
support.\18\
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    \17\ Id.
    \18\ Id.
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    Our review of the data provided in the Petitions, the First General 
Issues Supplement, and other information readily available to Commerce 
indicates that the petitioners have established industry support for 
the Petitions.\19\ First, the Petitions established support from 
domestic producers (or workers) accounting for more than 50 percent of 
the total production of the domestic like product and, as such, 
Commerce is not required to take further action in order to evaluate 
industry support (e.g., polling).\20\ Second, the domestic producers 
(or workers) have met the statutory criteria for industry support under 
section 732(c)(4)(A)(i) of the Act because the domestic producers (or 
workers) who support the Petitions account for at least 25 percent of 
the total production of the domestic like product.\21\ Finally, the 
domestic producers (or workers) have met the statutory criteria for 
industry support under section 732(c)(4)(A)(ii) of the Act because the 
domestic producers (or workers) who support the Petitions account for 
more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like product 
produced by that portion of the industry expressing support for, or 
opposition to, the Petitions.\22\ Accordingly, Commerce determines that 
the Petitions were filed on behalf of the domestic industry within the 
meaning of section 732(b)(1) of the Act.\23\
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    \19\ Id.
    \20\ Id.; see also section 732(c)(4)(D) of the Act.
    \21\ See Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD Initiation 
Checklists.
    \22\ Id.
    \23\ Id.
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Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and Causation

    The petitioners allege that the U.S. industry producing the 
domestic like product is being materially injured, or is threatened 
with material injury, by reason of the imports of the subject 
merchandise sold at LTFV. In addition, the petitioners allege that 
subject imports exceed the negligibility threshold provided for under 
section 771(24)(A) of the Act.\24\
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    \24\ For further discussion, see Country-Specific AD Initiation 
Checklists at Attachment III, Analysis of Allegations and Evidence 
of Material Injury and Causation for the Antidumping and 
Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Large Diameter Graphite 
Electrodes from the People's Republic of China and India.
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    The petitioners contend that the industry's injured condition is 
illustrated by a significant increase in the volume of subject imports; 
reduced market share; underselling and price depression; lost sales and 
revenues; declines in production, capacity utilization, and U.S. 
shipments; and negative impact on financial performance.\25\ We 
assessed the allegations and supporting evidence regarding material 
injury, threat of material injury, causation, cumulation, as well as 
negligibility, and we have determined that these allegations are 
properly supported by adequate evidence, and meet the statutory 
requirements for initiation.\26\
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    \25\ Id.
    \26\ Id.
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Allegations of Sales at LTFV

    The following is a description of the allegations of sales at LTFV 
upon which Commerce based its decision to initiate LTFV investigations 
of imports of large graphite electrodes from China and India. The 
sources of data for the deductions and adjustments relating to U.S. 
price and normal value (NV) are discussed in greater detail in the 
Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.

U.S. Price

    For India, the petitioners based export price (EP) based on pricing 
information for large graphite electrodes produced in India and sold or 
offered for sale in the U.S. market.\27\ For China, the petitioners 
based EP on: (1) pricing information for large graphite electrodes 
produced in China and sold or offered for sale in the U.S. market; and 
(2) the POI average unit value (AUV) derived from official import 
statistics for imports of large graphite electrodes from China.\28\ The 
petitioners made certain adjustments to U.S. price to calculate a net 
ex-factory U.S. price, where applicable.\29\
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    \27\ See India AD Initiation Checklist.
    \28\ See China AD Initiation Checklist.
    \29\ See Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.
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Normal Value <SUP>30</SUP>
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    \30\ In accordance with section 773(b)(2) of the Act, for the 
India investigation, Commerce will request information necessary to 
calculate the constructed value (CV) and COP to determine whether 
there are reasonable grounds to believe or suspect that sales of the 
foreign like product have been made at prices that represent less 
than the COP of the product.
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    For India, the petitioners calculated NV on home market pricing 
information they obtained for large graphite electrodes produced in and 
sold, or offered for sale, in India during the POI.\31\
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    \31\ See India AD Initiation Checklist.
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    Commerce considers China to be an NME country.\32\ In accordance 
with section 771(18)(C)(i) of the Act, any determination that a foreign 
country is an NME country shall remain in effect until revoked by 
Commerce. Therefore, we continue to treat China as an NME country for 
purposes of the initiation of the LTFV investigation. Accordingly, we 
base NV on FOPs valued in a surrogate market economy country in 
accordance with section 773(C) of the Act.
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    \32\ See, e.g., Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof 
from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Affirmative 
Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Preliminary 
Affirmative Determination of Critical Circumstances, 88 FR 15372 
(March 13, 2023), and accompanying Preliminary Decision Memorandum 
at 5, unchanged in Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof 
from the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Determination 
of Sales at Less-Than-Fair Value and Final Affirmative Determination 
of Critical Circumstances, 88 FR 34485 (May 30, 2023).
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    The petitioners claim that Brazil, Malaysia, and the Republic of 
T[uuml]rkiye (T[uuml]rkiye) are appropriate surrogate countries for 
China because they are market economy countries that are at a level of 
economic development comparable to that of China and are significant 
producers of comparable merchandise.\33\ The petitioners provided 
publicly available information from Brazil, Malaysia, and T[uuml]rkiye 
to value all FOPs.\34\ Based on the information provided by the 
petitioners, we believe it is appropriate to use Brazil, Malaysia, and 
T[uuml]rkiye as surrogate countries for China to value all FOPs for 
initiation purposes.
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    \33\ See China AD Initiation Checklist.
    \34\ Id.
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    Interested parties will have the opportunity to submit comments

[[Page 13584]]

regarding surrogate country selection and, pursuant to 19 CFR 
351.301(c)(3)(i), will be provided an opportunity to submit publicly 
available information to value FOPs within 30 days before the scheduled 
date of the preliminary determination.

Factors of Production

    Because information regarding the volume of inputs consumed by 
Chinese producers/exporters was not reasonably available, the 
petitioners used the production experience and product-specific 
consumptions rates of U.S. producers of large graphite electrodes as a 
surrogate to value Chinese manufacturers' FOPs.\35\ Additionally, for 
China, the petitioners calculated factory overhead, SG&A, and profit 
based on the experience of Brazilian, Malaysian, and Turkish producers 
of comparable merchandise.\36\
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    \35\ See China AD Initiation Checklist.
    \36\ Id.
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Fair Value Comparisons

    Based on the data provided by the petitioners, there is reason to 
believe that imports of large graphite electrodes from Chian and India 
are being, or are likely to be, sold in the United States at LTFV. 
Based on comparisons of EP to NV in accordance with sections 772 and 
773 of the Act, the estimated dumping margins for large graphite 
electrodes for each of the countries covered by the initiation are as 
follows: (1) China (Brazil surrogate)--44.71 to 116.64 percent; (2) 
China (Malaysia surrogate) 38.33 to 98.79 percent; (3) China 
(T[uuml]rkiye surrogate) 77.59 to 146.72 percent; and (4) India--42.59 
to 73.40 percent.\37\
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    \37\ See Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.
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Initiation of LTFV Investigations

    Based upon the examination of the Petitions and supplemental 
responses, we find that they meet the requirements of section 732 of 
the Act. Therefore, we are initiating LTFV investigations to determine 
whether imports of large graphite electrodes from China and India are 
being, or are likely to be, sold in the United States at LTFV. In 
accordance with section 733(b)(1)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 
351.205(b)(1), unless postponed, we will make our preliminary 
determinations no later than 140 days after the date of this 
initiation.

Respondent Selection

China

    In the Petitions, the petitioners identified 28 companies in China 
as producers and/or exporters of large graphite electrodes.\38\ Our 
standard practice for respondent selection in AD investigations 
involving NME countries is to select respondents based on quantity and 
value (Q&V) questionnaires in cases where Commerce has determined that 
the number of companies is large, and it cannot individually examine 
each company based upon its resources. Therefore, considering the 
number of producers and/or exporters identified in the Petitions, 
Commerce will solicit Q&V information that can serve as a basis for 
selecting exporters for individual examination in the event that 
Commerce determines that the number is large and decides to limit the 
number of respondents individually examined pursuant to section 
777A(c)(2) of the Act. Because there are 28 Chinese producers and/or 
exporters identified in the Petitions, Commerce has determined that it 
will issue Q&V questionnaires to the largest producers and/or exporters 
in China that are identified in the U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
POI entry data for which there is complete address information on the 
record.\39\
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    \38\ See Petitions at Volume I (pages 13-14 and Exhibit GEN-4); 
see also First General Issues Supplement at 2-4 and Exhibit GEN-
SUPP-1.
    \39\ See Memorandum, ``Release of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection Entry Data {China{time} ,'' dated March 13, 2026.
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    Commerce will post the Q&V questionnaires along with filing 
instructions on Commerce's website at <a href="https://www.trade.gov/ec-adcvd-qv-questionnaire">https://www.trade.gov/ec-adcvd-qv-questionnaire</a>. Producers/exporters of large graphite electrodes from 
China that do not receive Q&V questionnaires may still submit a 
response to the Q&V questionnaire and can obtain a copy of the Q&V 
questionnaire from Commerce's website. Responses to the Q&V 
questionnaire must be submitted by the relevant Chinese producers/
exporters no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on March 30, 2026, which is two 
weeks from the signature date of this notice. All Q&V questionnaire 
responses must be filed electronically via ACCESS. An electronically 
filed document must be received successfully, in its entirety, by 
ACCESS no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on the deadline noted above.
    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under 
administrative protective order (APO) in accordance with 19 CFR 
351.305(b). Instructions for filing such applications may be found on 
Commerce's website at <a href="https://www.trade.gov/administrative-protective-orders">https://www.trade.gov/administrative-protective-orders</a>.

India

    In the Petitions, the petitioners identified three companies in 
India.\40\ Following standard practice in LTFV investigations involving 
market economy countries, in the event Commerce determines that the 
number of companies is large, and it cannot individually examine each 
company based upon Commerce's resource, where appropriate, Commerce 
intends to select mandatory respondents based on CBP data for imports 
under the appropriate Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States 
(HTSUS) subheading(s) listed in the ``Scope of the Investigations,'' in 
the appendix.
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    \40\ See Petitions at Volume I (pages 13-14 and Exhibit GEN-4).
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    On March 13, 2026, Commerce released CBP data on imports of large 
graphite electrodes from India under APO to all parties with access to 
information protected by APO and indicated that interested parties 
wishing to comment on CBP data and/or respondent selection must do so 
within three business days of the publication date of the notice of 
initiation of these investigations.\41\ Comments must be filed 
electronically using ACCESS. An electronically filed document must be 
received successfully in its entirety via ACCESS by 5:00 p.m. ET on the 
specified deadline. Commerce will not accept rebuttal comments 
regarding the CBP data or respondent selection.
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    \41\ See Memorandum, ``Release of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection Entry Data {India{time} ,'' dated March 13, 2026.
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    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under 
APO in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305(b). As stated above, instructions 
for filing such applications may be found on Commerce's website at 
<a href="https://www.trade.gov/administrative-protective-orders">https://www.trade.gov/administrative-protective-orders</a>.

Separate Rates

    In order to obtain separate rate status in an NME investigation, 
exporters and producers must submit a separate rate application. The 
specific requirements for submitting a separate rate application in an 
NME investigation are outlined in detail in the application itself, 
which is available on Commerce's website at <a href="https://access.trade.gov/Resources/nme/nme-sep-rate.html">https://access.trade.gov/Resources/nme/nme-sep-rate.html</a>. Note that Commerce recently 
promulgated new regulations pertaining to separate rates, including the 
separate rate application deadline and eligibility for separate rate 
status, in 19 CFR 351.108.\42\ Pursuant to 19 CFR

[[Page 13585]]

351.108(d)(1), the separate rate application will be due 21 days after 
publication of this initiation notice.\43\ Exporters and producers must 
file a timely separate rate application if they want to be considered 
for individual examination. In addition, pursuant to 19 CFR 351.108(e), 
exporters and producers who submit a separate rate application and have 
been selected as mandatory respondents will be eligible for 
consideration for separate rate status only if they fully respond to 
all parts of Commerce's AD questionnaire and participate in the LTFV 
proceeding as mandatory respondents.\44\ Commerce requires that 
companies from China submit a response both to the Q&V questionnaire 
and to the separate rate application by the respective deadlines to 
receive consideration for separate rate status. Companies not filing a 
timely Q&V questionnaire response will not receive separate rate 
consideration.
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    \42\ See Regulations Enhancing the Administration of the 
Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Trade Remedy Laws, 89 FR 101694, 
101759-60 (December 16, 2024).
    \43\ See 19 CFR 351.108(d)(1).
    \44\ See 19 CFR 351.108(e).
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Use of Combination Rates

    Commerce will calculate combination rates for certain respondents 
that are eligible for a separate rate in an NME investigation. The 
Separate Rates and Combination Rates Bulletin states:

{w{time} hile continuing the practice of assigning separate rates 
only to exporters, all separate rates that {Commerce{time}  will now 
assign in its NME investigation will be specific to those producers 
that supplied the exporter during the period of investigation. Note, 
however, that one rate is calculated for the exporter and all of the 
producers which supplied subject merchandise to it during the period 
of investigation. This practice applies both to mandatory 
respondents receiving an individually calculated separate rate as 
well as the pool of non-investigated firms receiving the {weighted 
average{time}  of the individually calculated rates. This practice 
is referred to as the application of ``combination rates'' because 
such rates apply to specific combinations of exporters and one or 
more producers. The cash-deposit rate assigned to an exporter will 
apply only to merchandise both exported by the firm in question and 
produced by a firm that supplied the exporter during the period of 
investigation.\45\
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    \45\ See Enforcement and Compliance's Policy Bulletin No. 05.1, 
regarding, ``Separate-Rates Practice and Application of Combination 
Rates in Antidumping Investigation involving NME Countries,'' (April 
5, 2005), at 6 (emphasis added), available on Commerce's website at 
<a href="https://access.trade.gov/Resources/policy/bull05-1.pdf">https://access.trade.gov/Resources/policy/bull05-1.pdf</a>.
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Distribution of Copies of the Petitions

    In accordance with section 732(b)(3)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 
351.202(f), copies of the public version of the Petitions have been 
provided to the Governments of China and India via ACCESS. To the 
extent practicable, we will attempt to provide a copy of the public 
version of the Petitions to each exporter named in the Petitions, as 
provided under 19 CFR 351.203(c)(2).

ITC Notification

    Commerce will notify the ITC of our initiation, as required by 
section 732(d) of the Act.

Preliminary Determinations by the ITC

    The ITC will preliminarily determine, within 45 days after the date 
on which the Petitions were filed, whether there is a reasonable 
indication that imports of large graphite electrodes from China and/or 
India are materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, a 
U.S. industry.\46\ Negative ITC determinations for either country will 
result in the investigation being terminated with respect to that 
country.\47\ Otherwise, these LTFV investigations will proceed 
according to statutory and regulatory time limits.
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    \46\ See section 733(a) of the Act.
    \47\ Id.
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Submission of Factual Information

    Factual information is defined in 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) as: (i) 
evidence submitted in response to questionnaires; (ii) evidence 
submitted in support of allegations; (iii) publicly available 
information to value factors under 19 CFR 351.408(c) or to measure the 
adequacy of remuneration under 19 CFR 351.511(a)(2); (iv) evidence 
placed on the record by Commerce; and (v) evidence other than factual 
information described in (i)-(iv). Section 351.301(b) of Commerce's 
regulations requires any party, when submitting factual information, to 
specify under which subsection of 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) the information 
is being submitted \48\ and, if the information is submitted to rebut, 
clarify, or correct factual information already on the record, to 
provide an explanation identifying the information already on the 
record that the factual information seeks to rebut, clarify, or 
correct.\49\ Time limits for the submission of factual information are 
addressed in 19 CFR 351.301, which provides specific time limits based 
on the type of factual information being submitted. Interested parties 
should review the regulations prior to submitting factual information 
in these investigations.
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    \48\ See 19 CFR 351.301(b).
    \49\ See 19 CFR 351.301(b)(2).
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Particular Market Situation Allegation

    Section 773(e) of the Act addresses the concept of particular 
market situation (PMS) for purposes of CV, stating that ``if a 
particular market situation exists such that the cost of materials and 
fabrication or other processing of any kind does not accurately reflect 
the cost of production in the ordinary course of trade, the 
administering authority may use another calculation methodology under 
this subtitle or any other calculation methodology.'' When an 
interested party submits a PMS allegation pursuant to section 773(e) of 
the Act (i.e., a cost-based PMS allegation), the submission must be 
filed in accordance with the requirements of 19 CFR 351.416(b), and 
Commerce will respond to such a submission consistent with 19 CFR 
351.301(c)(2)(v). If Commerce finds that a cost-based PMS exists under 
section 773(e) of the Act, then it will modify its dumping calculations 
appropriately.
    Neither section 773(e) of the Act, nor 19 CFR 351.301(c)(2)(v), 
sets a deadline for the submission of cost-based PMS allegations and 
supporting factual information. However, in order to administer section 
773(e) of the Act, Commerce must receive PMS allegations and supporting 
factual information with enough time to consider the submission. Thus, 
should an interested party wish to submit a cost-based PMS allegation 
and supporting new factual information pursuant to section 773(e) of 
the Act, it must do so no later than 20 days after submission of a 
respondent's initial section D questionnaire response
    We note that a PMS allegation filed pursuant to sections 
773(a)(1)(B)(ii)(III) or 773(a)(1)(C)(iii) of the Act (i.e., a sales-
based PMS allegation) must be filed within 10 days of submission of a 
respondent's initial section B questionnaire response, in accordance 
with 19 CFR 351.301(c)(2)(i) and 19 CFR 351.404(c)(2).

Extensions of Time Limits

    Parties may request an extension of time limits before the 
expiration of a time limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as 
otherwise specified by Commerce. In general, an extension request will 
be considered untimely if it is filed after the expiration of the time 
limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as otherwise specified by 
Commerce.\50\ For submissions that are due from multiple parties 
simultaneously, an extension request will be considered untimely if it 
is filed after 10:00 a.m. ET on the due date. Under certain 
circumstances, Commerce

[[Page 13586]]

may elect to specify a different time limit by which extension requests 
will be considered untimely for submissions which are due from multiple 
parties simultaneously. In such a case, we will inform parties in a 
letter or memorandum of the deadline (including a specified time) by 
which extension requests must be filed to be considered timely. An 
extension request must be made in a separate, standalone submission; 
under limited circumstances we will grant untimely filed requests for 
the extension of time limits, where we determine, based on 19 CFR 
351.302, that extraordinary circumstances exist. Parties should review 
Commerce's regulations concerning the extension of time limits and the 
Time Limits Final Rule prior to submitting factual information in these 
investigations.\51\
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    \50\ See 19 CFR 351.301; see also Extension of Time Limits; 
Final Rule, 78 FR 57790 (September 20, 2013(Time Limits Final Rule), 
available at <a href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-20/html/2013-22853.htm">https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-20/html/2013-22853.htm</a>.
    \51\ See 19 CFR 351.302; see also, e.g., Time Limits Final Rule.
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Certification Requirements

    Any party submitting factual information in an AD or CVD proceeding 
must certify to the accuracy and completeness of that information.\52\ 
Parties must use the certification formats provided in 19 CFR 
351.303(g).\53\ Commerce intends to reject factual submissions if the 
submitting party does not comply with the applicable certification 
requirements.
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    \52\ See section 782(b) of the Act.
    \53\ See Certification of Factual Information to Import 
Administration During Antidumping and Countervailing Duty 
Proceedings, 78 FR 42678 (July 17, 2023) (Final Rule). Additional 
information regarding the Final Rule is available at <a href="https://access.trade.gov/Resources/filing/index.html">https://access.trade.gov/Resources/filing/index.html</a>.
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Notification to Interested Parties

    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under 
APO in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305. Parties wishing to participate 
in these investigations should ensure that they meet the requirements 
of 19 CFR 351.103(d) (e.g., by filing the required letter of 
appearance). Note that Commerce has amended certain of its requirements 
pertaining to the service of documents in 19 CFR 351.303(f).\54\
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    \54\ See Administrative Protective Order, Service, and Other 
Procedures in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings, 88 FR 
67069 (September 29, 2023).
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    This notice is issued and published pursuant to sections 732(c)(2) 
and 777(i) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.203(c).

    Dated: March 16, 2026.

/S/Christopher Abbott
Christopher Abbott,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations, performing the 
non-exclusive functions and duties of the Assistant Secretary for 
Enforcement and Compliance.

Appendix

Scope of the Investigations

    The merchandise covered by these investigations includes all 
large diameter graphite electrodes of any length, whether or not 
finished, of a kind used in furnaces, with a nominal or actual 
diameter exceeding 425 millimeters (16.7 inches), and whether or not 
attached to a graphite pin joining system or any other type of 
joining system or hardware. The merchandise covered by these 
investigations also includes graphite pin joining systems (commonly 
referred to as pins or nipples) for large diameter graphite 
electrodes, of any length, and with a minimum diameter of 228.6 mm 
(9 inches) at its widest transverse cross-section, whether or not 
finished, of a kind used in furnaces, and whether or not the 
graphite pin joining system is attached to, sold with, or sold 
separately from, the large diameter graphite electrode. Unfinished 
large diameter graphite electrodes are graphitized electrodes that 
have not undergone final machining. For purposes of these 
investigations, the country of origin is determined by the country 
of graphitization.
    Excluded from the scope of these investigations are large 
diameter graphite electrodes that are subject to the existing 
antidumping duty order on Small Diameter Graphite Electrodes from 
the People's Republic of China. See Antidumping Duty Order: Small 
Diameter Graphite Electrodes from the People's Republic of China, 74 
FR 8775 (February 26, 2009) (SDGE China AD Order) due to an 
affirmative determination of circumvention that imports of graphite 
electrodes from the People's Republic of China, produced and/or 
exported by Sinosteel Jilin Carbon Co., Ltd. and Jilin Carbon Import 
& Export Company (collectively, Jilin Carbon), with an actual or 
nominal diameter of 17 inches and otherwise meeting the description 
of the scope of the SDGE China AD Order constitute merchandise 
subject to the SDGE China AD Order. See Small Diameter Graphite 
Electrodes from the People's Republic of China: Affirmative Final 
Determination of Circumvention of the Antidumping Duty Order and 
Rescission of Later-Developed Merchandise Anticircumvention Inquiry, 
78 FR 56864 (September 16, 2013). In the case of graphite electrodes 
entering the United States determined to be subject to the SDGE 
China AD Order, such order controls. In the case of graphite 
electrodes entering the United States meeting the scope definition 
of these investigations and not covered by the scope of the SDGE 
China AD Order, the scope of these investigations controls.
    Large diameter graphite electrodes and graphite pin joining 
systems for large diameter graphite electrodes that are covered by 
these investigations are currently classified under the Harmonized 
Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) statistical reporting 
number 8545.11.0020. Merchandise covered by these investigations may 
also enter under HTSUS statistical reporting numbers 3801.10.5090 or 
3801.90.0050. The HTSUS numbers are provided for convenience and 
customs purposes, but the written description of the scope is 
dispositive.

[FR Doc. 2026-05495 Filed 3-19-26; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P


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Indexed from Federal Register on March 20, 2026.

This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.