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Notice2026-05179

Union Pacific Railroad Company-Construction & Operation Exemption-in Maricopa County, Ariz.

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Published
March 17, 2026

Issuing agencies

Surface Transportation Board

Full Text

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<title>Federal Register, Volume 91 Issue 51 (Tuesday, March 17, 2026)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 91, Number 51 (Tuesday, March 17, 2026)]
[Notices]
[Pages 12876-12883]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2026-05179]


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SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD

[Docket No. FD 36501]


Union Pacific Railroad Company--Construction & Operation 
Exemption--in Maricopa County, Ariz.

    On June 30, 2022, Union Pacific Railroad Company (UP) filed a 
petition for an exemption under 49 U.S.C. 10502 from the prior approval 
requirements of 49 U.S.C. 10901 to construct and operate approximately 
six miles of rail line in connection with the Pecos Industrial Rail 
Access and Train Extension Project (the PIRATE project) in Maricopa 
County, Ariz. (the Line). The Line would connect the Pecos Advanced 
Manufacturing Zone (the PAMZ) to the UP main line west of the project 
area and provide rail service for Commercial Metals Company (CMC), as 
well as an alternative mode of freight transportation to future 
shippers. (Pet. 2.) By decision served on September 28, 2022, the Board 
instituted a proceeding under 49 U.S.C. 10502(b). No comments opposing 
the transportation merits of UP's petition were filed.
    The Board's Office of Environmental Analysis (OEA) issued a Draft 
Environmental Assessment (Draft EA) on May 31, 2023, examining the 
potential environmental and historic impacts of UP's proposal and 
requesting public comments, pursuant to the National Environmental 
Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321-4370m-11, and the National Historic 
Preservation Act (NHPA), 54 U.S.C. 300101-307108.
    As discussed in more detail below, in August 2023, OEA delayed 
issuance of a Final Environmental Assessment (Final EA) after 
discovering that there had been significant ground disturbance and 
damage to National Register of Historic Places-eligible archaeological 
resources within the proposed right-of-way. Following briefing on the 
issue, the Board was unable to reach a majority decision on whether a 
violation

[[Page 12877]]

of NHPA had occurred, and the historic review process under NHPA 
resumed. On February 27, 2026, OEA issued a Final EA updating the 
environmental analysis and responding to the comments received on the 
Draft EA. In the Final EA, based on that analysis, OEA determined that 
the conclusions in the Draft EA remain valid. The Final EA also 
recommended conditions to the Board to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the 
project's potential impacts on the environment and historic properties.
    After considering the entire record, including the record on the 
transportation merits, the Draft EA, the Final EA, and all comments 
received, the Board will grant UP's petition for exemption, subject to 
the environmental and historic preservation mitigation measures listed 
in the Appendix and set forth in the Final EA.

Background

    UP proposes to construct and operate the Line in connection with 
the PIRATE project, a public/private initiative to fund, engineer, 
design, and build a six-mile industrial rail branch, on land primarily 
situated on the former Williams Air Force Base. (Pet. 3.) The Line 
would connect the PAMZ to the UP main line (the Phoenix Subdivision) 
located west of the project area. (Id. at 2.) According to the 
petition, UP has collaborated with the City of Mesa, Ariz., for several 
years on the project, which UP states will ``provide far-reaching 
public benefits by transferring materials away from public roadways 
onto rail, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions, local air 
pollution, highway maintenance costs, and congestion associated with 
long-haul trucking.'' (Id. at 3; see also id., Ex. A (CMC Statement) at 
2.) UP states that the project, which has support from several business 
organizations as well as public officials and governmental entities, is 
expected to drive economic growth and expand high-skill manufacturing 
jobs in Maricopa County. (Id. at 3-4; see also id., Ex. A (CMC 
Statement) at 1-2.) According to UP, the Line will allow CMC, the 
largest manufacturer of steel rebar in North America and Central Europe 
as well as a leading producer in the steel long products market, to 
receive raw materials and ship products to customers by rail more 
efficiently from two facilities in Mesa, eliminating an estimated 
35,000 trucks per year (10,000 from current operations, and 25,000 from 
a new manufacturing facility that was scheduled to open in mid-2023). 
(Id. at 4; id., Ex. A (CMC Statement) at 1-2.) UP states that the 
addition of the Line will also provide an alternative mode of freight 
transportation for future customers that locate along the industrial 
lead. (Id. at 2, 5.)
    On June 30, 2023, CMC filed a letter in support of UP's petition 
for exemption, stating that the project is critical to the success of 
CMC's operations in Mesa. (CMC Letter 1-2, June 30, 2023.) As noted 
above, no comments opposing the transportation merits of the proposed 
Line were filed.
    As part of the environmental and historic review process,\1\ OEA 
initiated a historic review under Section 106 of the NHPA. Section 106 
requires federal agencies to take into account the effects of their 
actions on historic properties (those listed or eligible for listing in 
the National Register of Historic Places (National Register)). On April 
6, 2022, OEA sent letters to a group of potential consulting parties 
\2\ inviting them to participate in Section 106 consultation and 
soliciting comments regarding the proposed Area of Potential Effects 
(APE) for cultural resources.\3\ (Draft EA 5-4; id., App. K (Section 
106 Consultation Documentation).) On September 1, 2022, UP was notified 
that a number of previously identified significant archaeological sites 
within the project's APE remained eligible for listing in the National 
Register, and that the proposed undertaking would have an adverse 
effect on historic resources. (See Jacobs Tech. Memorandum (Env't 
Comment E.O.-3827) at 3.) \4\
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    \1\ As noted in the petition, OEA granted a waiver of the 
requirement that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) be 
prepared. (Pet. 5. See also Draft EA 1-7 to 1-8 (describing process 
undertaken to determine that preparation of an EA, rather than an 
EIS, was appropriate).)
    \2\ Consulting parties include the individuals and entities 
specified in 36 CFR 800.2(c)(1)-(4) and may also include other 
individuals and organizations with a demonstrated interest in the 
project ``due to the nature of their legal or economic relation to 
the undertaking or affected properties, or their concern with the 
undertaking's effects on historic properties.'' 36 CFR 800.2(c)(5).
    \3\ The APE is defined as ``the geographic area or areas within 
which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in 
the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties 
exist.'' 36 CFR 800.16(d). Historic properties can include 
prehistoric and historic archaeological sites, buildings, districts, 
objects, and structures, as well as traditional cultural properties 
and landscapes, and the term ``historic property'' includes 
properties of religious or cultural significance to Native American 
Tribes. (See Draft EA 3-7; Final EA 3-93.)
    \4\ As permitted by the regulation at 49 CFR 1105.10(d), OEA 
used an independent third-party consultant, Jacobs Engineering Group 
Inc. (Jacobs), to assist OEA in conducting the environmental 
analysis for the PIRATE project.
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    On May 31, 2023, OEA issued a Draft EA that examined the potential 
environmental and historic impacts of the project, recommended 
preliminary mitigation based on the results of that analysis and agency 
consultation, and requested public comments. The Draft EA explained 
that, if the Board were to authorize the PIRATE project, measures to 
mitigate the project's adverse effects on cultural resources would be 
included in the project's Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) and Historic 
Properties Treatment Plan (HPTP), which OEA was drafting at the time in 
consultation with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Officer 
(SHPO); Native American Tribes (Tribes); other federal, state, and 
local agencies; and UP. (Draft EA 3-88 to 3-89.) The Draft EA comment 
period closed on June 30, 2023.
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    \5\ (See, e.g., Env't Comment E.O.-3866 (August 7, 2023 email 
from OEA to S. Anton, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, re 
upcoming field meeting and information learned); Env't Comment E.O.-
3829 (August 23, 2023 email from Jacobs/OEA to UP re action items 
from first weekly call); Env't Comment E.O.-3833 (September 13, 2023 
OEA report to SHPO and Section 106 Consulting Parties); Env't 
Comment E.O.-3868 (October 13, 2023 letter from Jacobs to SHPO 
attaching minutes of October 4, 2023 meeting with consulting parties 
re site damage update).)
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    On July 28, 2023, while preparing the Final EA, OEA discovered that 
there had been significant ground disturbance and damage to National 
Register-listed and eligible archaeological resources in the APE. (See 
Letter from D. Gosselin (Director, OEA) to K. Rice (Sr. Manager M/W 
Environmental, UP) at 1 (Aug. 1, 2023) (Env't Comment E.O.-3825) 
(noting that OEA made this discovery during analysis of current aerial 
photography of the project area).) OEA promptly directed UP to secure 
the right-of-way to prevent further damage, began gathering 
information, and engaged in outreach with stakeholders.\5\ On August 
31, 2023, following meetings with several Tribes, OEA delayed issuance 
of the Final EA until further notice. Union Pac. R.R.--Constr. & 
Operation Exemption--in Maricopa Cnty., Ariz., FD 36501 (STB served 
Aug. 31, 2023).
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    \6\ Section 110(k) provides that ``[e]ach Federal agency shall 
ensure that the agency will not grant a loan, loan guarantee, 
permit, license, or other assistance to an applicant that, with 
intent to avoid the requirements of [Section 106 of NHPA], has 
intentionally significantly adversely affected a historic property 
to which the grant would relate, or having legal power to prevent 
it, has allowed the significant adverse effect to occur, unless the 
agency, after consultation with the [Advisory Council on Historic 
Preservation], determines that circumstances justify granting the 
assistance despite the adverse effect created or permitted by the 
applicant.''
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    Among the issues raised by the Tribes were concerns as to whether a 
violation of Section 110(k) of the NHPA had occurred.\6\ On December 
11, 2023, the Board commenced consideration of the applicability of 
Section 110(k) and took steps to obtain additional information

[[Page 12878]]

about the circumstances surrounding the damage. See Union Pac. R.R.--
Constr. & Operation Exemption--in Maricopa Cnty., Ariz., FD 36501, slip 
op. at 4-6 (STB served Dec. 11, 2023). The Board directed UP to respond 
to several information requests and to produce documents. Id. at 5-6; 
id., App. 2. It also invited submissions from UP and interested parties 
on whether UP engaged in ``anticipatory demolition'' of historic 
properties in violation of Section 110(k). Id. at 6. OEA also conducted 
a thorough damage assessment, which was memorialized in a technical 
report finalized in January 2025. (Env't Comment E.O.-3990, Jan. 30, 
2025 (Invasive Cultural Res. Damage Assessment Tech. Rep.).)
    On June 3, 2025, the Board issued a decision stating that it was 
unable to reach a majority on whether UP had violated Section 110(k) 
and that, therefore, no determination that Section 110(k) is applicable 
would be issued, and the Board would continue with the NHPA Section 106 
process and its consideration of the merits of the petition. Union Pac. 
R.R.--Constr. & Operation Exemption--in Maricopa Cnty., Ariz., FD 
36501, slip op. at 5 (STB served June 3, 2025). Following further 
consultations between and among the consulting parties, the MOA was 
executed on February 23, 2026, committing UP to comply with the terms 
and conditions pertaining to the protection of cultural resources 
within the APE, including the development of a HPTP. OEA issued the 
Final EA on February 27, 2026. The Final EA recommends conditions to 
the Board--including voluntary mitigation (VM) proposed by UP and 
mitigation measures (MMs) developed by OEA (each, an MM)--to avoid, 
minimize, or mitigate the potential environmental and historic impacts 
of the proposed construction and operation of the Line.

Discussion

    Rail Transportation Analysis. The construction and operation of new 
railroad lines requires prior Board authorization, either through 
issuance of a certificate under 49 U.S.C. 10901 or, as requested here, 
through an exemption under 49 U.S.C. 10502 from the formal application 
procedures of section 10901. ``In either case, the [statute] expresses 
a clear presumption in favor of approving railways.'' Seven Cnty. 
Infrastructure Coal. v. Eagle Cnty., 605 U.S. 168, 194 (2025) 
(Sotomayor, J., concurring); see also N. Plains Res. Council v. STB, 
668 F.3d 1067, 1091-92 (9th Cir. 2011) (agreeing that there is a 
statutory ``presumption for construction''); Mid States Coal. for 
Progress v. STB, 345 F.3d 520, 552 (8th Cir. 2003) (same). Section 
10901(c) directs the Board to grant rail construction proposals unless 
it finds the proposal ``inconsistent with the public convenience and 
necessity.'' See Mid States, 345 F.3d at 552 (quoting 49 U.S.C. 
10901(c)); Alaska R.R.--Constr. & Operation Exemption--A Rail Line 
Extension to Port MacKenzie, Alaska, FD 35095, slip op. at 5 (STB 
served Nov. 21, 2011), aff'd sub nom. Alaska Survival v. STB, 705 F.3d 
1073 (9th Cir. 2013). Under section 10502(a), the Board must, to the 
maximum extent consistent with Title 49, subtitle IV, part A, exempt 
the proposed construction and operation of a rail line from the 
detailed application procedures of section 10901 when it finds that: 
(1) those procedures are not necessary to carry out the rail 
transportation policy of 49 U.S.C. 10101; and (2) either (a) the 
proposal is of limited scope, or (b) the full application procedures 
are not necessary to protect shippers from an abuse of market power.
    While UP's posture and conduct during the course of this proceeding 
have raised serious concerns, the Board concludes that, based on the 
record, the proposed construction and operation of the Line qualify for 
an exemption under section 10502. The transportation merits of UP's 
petition are unopposed. The record shows that there is currently no 
rail service to the PAMZ, and that CMC, a major industrial shipper in 
the area, must rely solely on trucks to support operations at its two 
Mesa-based facilities. (See Pet. 2, 5, 7, 9; id., Ex. A at 1-2.) The 
Line would enhance competition by providing CMC and other potential 
shippers in the area with a freight rail option that does not currently 
exist, advancing the goals specified by 49 U.S.C. 10101(4) & (5). 
Additionally, providing a rail-based alternative to trucking would 
encourage and promote energy conservation in furtherance of 49 U.S.C. 
10101(14). The requested exemption would also eliminate the unnecessary 
expense associated with the preparation and filing of a formal 
construction application, expedite regulatory decisions, and reduce 
regulatory barriers to entry for the Line, in furtherance of 49 U.S.C. 
10101(2), (7) & (15). Other aspects of the rail transportation policy 
would not be adversely affected.
    In addition, consideration of the proposed construction and 
operation of the Line under section 10901 is not necessary to protect 
shippers from an abuse of market power. As explained above, the Line 
would introduce a new freight transportation option for CMC and 
potential future shippers located in the PAMZ. CMC fully supports the 
project, and no comments opposing the project's transportation merits 
have been filed.\7\
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    \7\ Given the finding that regulation here is not needed to 
protect shippers from an abuse of market power, the Board need not 
determine whether the transaction is limited in scope. See 49 U.S.C. 
10502(a)(2).
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    Environmental Analysis. NEPA requires federal agencies to analyze 
the environmental effects of proposed federal actions and to inform the 
public concerning those effects. See Balt. Gas & Elec. Co. v. Nat. Res. 
Def. Council, 462 U.S. 87, 97 (1983). Under NEPA and related 
environmental laws, the Board must examine environmental impacts prior 
to deciding whether to authorize the construction of a new rail line as 
proposed, deny the proposal, or grant it with conditions (including 
environmental mitigation conditions). Lone Star R.R.--Track Constr. & 
Operation Exemption--in Howard Cnty., Tex., FD 35874, slip op. at 4 
(STB served Mar. 3, 2016). The Board has ``substantial discretion'' in 
assessing the facts relevant to its environmental review and the 
relevant impacts. Seven Cnty., 145 S. Ct. at 1512. It also has ``broad 
latitude'' to ``draw a `manageable line''' regarding the scope of its 
inquiry. Id. at 1513 (citing Dep't of Transp. v. Pub. Citizen, 541 U.S. 
752, 767 (2004)). NEPA does not require that the Board evaluate 
potential environmental effects arising from ``future or geographically 
separate projects,'' ``particularly'' those over which the Board does 
not ``exercise regulatory authority.'' Seven Cnty., 145 S. Ct. at 1515-
17; see also id. at 1515 (``Importantly, the textually mandated focus 
of NEPA is the `proposed action'--that is, the project at hand--not 
other future or geographically separate projects that may be built (or 
expanded) as a result of or in the wake of the immediate project under 
consideration.'') (citing 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)).
    Moreover, while NEPA prescribes a process that must be followed, it 
does not mandate a particular result. See Seven Cnty., 145 S. Ct. at 
1510 (citing Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council, 490 U.S. 332, 
350 (1989)). Nor does NEPA otherwise impose any ``substantive 
constraints on the agency's ultimate decision to build, fund, or 
approve a proposed project.'' Seven Cnty., 145 S. Ct. at 1511; see also 
Robertson, 490 U.S. at 350-51. Rather, in making such decisions, the 
Board may ``weigh environmental consequences as [it] reasonably sees 
fit under its governing statute and any relevant substantive 
environmental laws,'' and may conclude that ``other

[[Page 12879]]

values outweigh the environmental costs.'' See Seven Cnty., 145 S. Ct. 
at 1507, 1510 (citing Robertson, 490 U.S. at 350).
    There has been a thorough environmental review in this case. On May 
31, 2023, OEA issued a Draft EA addressing in detail the potential 
environmental impacts of the proposed construction and operation of the 
Line.\8\ The Draft EA analyzed a broad range of environmental issues, 
such as transportation and safety, air quality, noise and vibration, 
hazardous materials and waste sites, biological resources, water 
resources, geology and soils, land use and farmland, socioeconomics, 
visual quality, and cultural resources. The Draft EA concluded that 
UP's proposed action would have negligible, minor, and/or temporary 
impacts and that with the mitigation, no significant impacts would 
occur. (See generally Draft EA v-ix (tbl. S-1).) OEA recommended 74 
mitigation measures to address project-related impacts in the areas of 
transportation and safety, air quality, noise and vibration, hazardous 
materials and waste sites, biological resources, water resources, 
geology and soils, land use and farmland, socioeconomics, cultural 
resources, and visual quality. (See Draft EA 4-2 to 4-13 (listing 
measures).) The Draft EA also explained that an EA is appropriate in 
this case and that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is not 
required. (Id. at xii, 1-7 to 1-8, 3-108.)
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    \8\ Chapter 5 describes the agency, tribal, and public outreach 
conducted by OEA leading to the issuance of the Draft EA. (See Draft 
EA 5-1 to 5-7.) That outreach included meetings with the towns of 
Queen Creek, Ariz., and Mesa to discuss potential traffic impacts of 
the PIRATE project. During an April 2022 meeting, Queen Creek 
presented a summary of population growth and traffic concerns and 
requested that OEA's review include a traffic impact analysis to 
evaluate potential safety and traffic impacts and the need for grade 
separations where necessary. Based upon the results of OEA's 
preliminary analysis, OEA recommended several mitigation measures to 
address traffic impacts at crossings, (see Draft EA 4-3 to 4-4 
(describing MM-TS-1 through MM-TS-4)), but determined that traffic 
impacts did not necessitate grade-separated crossings. (Id. at 3-64, 
5-1 to 5-2, 5-3.) That analysis was recently updated with data from 
2025, and as discussed below, the updated results do not affect 
OEA's determination that grade-separated crossings are not 
warranted.
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    OEA received 10 comments on the Draft EA.\9\ In the Final EA, 
served February 27, 2026, OEA updated its analysis and responded to the 
substantive comments received on the Draft EA.\10\ (Final EA, App. M at 
M-1 to M-2, M-3 to M-14 (tbl. M-1, Draft EA Comments and Responses).) 
In response to comments, OEA recommended adding four new MMs; removing 
one MM because it is no longer applicable; and modifying 12 MMs to 
address changes to an existing condition or otherwise respond to a 
comment received. (Final EA 4-2 (listing the MMs).) Where appropriate, 
OEA also clarified and corrected information in the Draft EA. (Final 
EA, App. M at M-1.) OEA reaffirmed its conclusion in the Draft EA that 
the potential environmental and historic impacts of the Line would be 
negligible, minor, and/or temporary and that with mitigation, no 
significant impacts would occur. (Final EA iii.) In the Final EA, OEA 
did not change any of its conclusions from the Draft EA. (Id. at ii.) 
OEA also recommended that the Board impose all of the mitigation in the 
Final EA on any decision authorizing the proposed rail line. (Id. at xi 
(citing Ch. 4, Recommended Mitigation).) \11\
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    \9\ Comment submissions were received from two individuals, five 
agencies (one of which filed two submissions), one business, and UP. 
(Final EA, App. M at M-1.)
    \10\ Because population growth and development in the region 
have increased since the Draft EA was issued in May 2023, OEA 
prepared an updated traffic analysis based on 2025 conditions (in 
lieu of the data and assumptions from 2022 used in the initial 
Traffic Report). (Final EA 3-2; see, e.g., updated Traffic Report 
(Final EA, App. B, 2-4 to 2-6, 3-1).) The updated Traffic Report 
includes a grade separation analysis for the railroad crossings of 
roads within the study area. (Final EA 3-2.) That analysis concludes 
that none of the proposed crossings meet the criteria for grade 
separation. (Id. at 3-15 and citations therein.)
    \11\ OEA evaluated two Action Alternatives for the proposed 
project: Alternative 1 and Alternative 2. Both alternatives include 
construction of a new wye (Y-like rail connection) at the Phoenix 
Subdivision and approximately 6.0 miles of rail line extending from 
the Phoenix Subdivision to industrial companies at the eastern end 
of the PAMZ. (Final EA iii; see id. at iv-ix (tbl. S-1).) OEA also 
evaluated the No-Action Alternative, under which UP would not 
construct and operate the rail line as proposed and rail service 
would not be available in the PAMZ. (Id. at iii.) Based on OEA's 
analysis and consultation with appropriate agencies, Native American 
Tribes, and other stakeholders, OEA concluded in the Final EA, that, 
of the two Action Alternatives, Alternative 1 would result in fewer 
impacts on the environment and recommends that the Board authorize 
Alternative 1 if the project is authorized. (Id. at xi.)
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    The Board is satisfied that OEA has taken the requisite hard look 
at the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed 
construction and operation of the Line and that the EA complied with 
NEPA. The Draft EA and Final EA adequately assess the environmental 
impacts of the proposed construction and operation and include 
appropriate recommended environmental mitigation to avoid or minimize 
potential environmental impacts.\12\ The Board finds that OEA properly 
determined that, with the recommended environmental mitigation 
measures, the proposed project will not have potentially significant 
environmental impacts, and that preparation of an EIS is unnecessary. 
Accordingly, the Board adopts the analysis and conclusions in the Final 
EA, including the recommendation to authorize Alternative 1 and the 
final recommended mitigation measures, which are set forth in the 
Appendix to this decision.
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    \12\ The Board notes, in particular, that in the Final EA, OEA 
has recommended additional mitigation requiring UP to comply with 
commitments imposed during the Arizona Corporation Commission's 
railroad crossing review process (MM-TS-6), (see Final EA 3-14), and 
has expanded its recommended timing limits for train operations over 
the Line to minimize the impact to roadways and to address local 
concerns regarding traffic impacts at grade crossings (MM-TS-1), 
(see id. at 4-4).
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    Historic Review Analysis. Section 106 of the NHPA requires federal 
agencies to ``take into account the effect of'' their licensing 
decisions (in this case, whether to grant UP's request for an 
exemption, also called the ``undertaking'' under NHPA) on properties 
included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register. If 
the undertaking would have an adverse effect on historic properties, 
the agency must continue to consult to avoid, minimize or mitigate the 
adverse effect. See 36 CFR 800.6(a).
    As detailed in the Final EA, OEA initiated the Section 106 process 
for the PIRATE project in April 2022, conducted cultural resources 
surveys from May through September 2022, assessed project effects in 
October and November 2022, and thereafter started the process to 
resolve adverse effects. (Final EA x, 5-4 to 5-7; id., App. K2 (Sec. 
106 Consultation Documentation).) During the Section 106 process, OEA 
consulted with 15 agencies and 10 federally recognized Native American 
Tribes (Section 106 consulting parties), four of which requested 
government-to-government consultation. (Final EA x.) OEA determined 
that construction of the Line would adversely affect four National 
Register-eligible and/or listed archaeological sites under Alternative 
1, while Alternative 2 would affect three of those sites. (Id.) In 
consultation with the Section 106 consulting parties, OEA developed a 
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) that identifies requirements and 
treatment measures that must be implemented to mitigate adverse 
effects. (Id., citing Sec. 3.12, Archaeological and Historic Resources, 
and Sec. 5.1.2, NHPA Section 106 Consultation; see generally Final EA, 
App. K1 (MOA), Stipulations II, III, VI, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, 
XIV, XIX, XX, XXI (describing UP-related requirements and 
responsibilities).) The execution of the MOA on February 23, 2026, 
completed the Section 106 review

[[Page 12880]]

process and commits the signatories to meet their responsibilities 
under the MOA and the HPTP.
    While this project satisfies the criteria for exemption, UP's 
failure to adequately protect the identified National Register-eligible 
archaeological sites in the APE from disturbance during the pendency of 
the proceeding was deeply troubling. UP represents that it has 
instituted several new practices to ensure that, going forward, 
cultural resources are not disturbed or damaged during the pendency of 
the NHPA Section 106 process for a construction project. (UP Submission 
14-17, Dec. 16, 2024.) UP acknowledges that failures in communications 
and lack of awareness of the historic review process by various UP 
personnel are ``unacceptable'' and ``in need of correction.'' (Id. at 
5-6, 18, 24.) Should a future lapse in awareness or communications by 
UP personnel (or agents acting on UP's behalf in connection with a 
construction project) result in impermissible disturbance or damage to 
cultural property, the Board will closely scrutinize UP's conduct and 
consider whether significant consequences are appropriate. The Board 
expects UP to take all necessary steps to ensure that cultural 
resources are not disturbed or damaged during the Section 106 process 
in future construction cases.

Conclusion

    Construction and operation of the Line will introduce a new freight 
transportation option in the PAMZ for both current and potential future 
shippers. It will also facilitate the diversion of traffic from truck 
to rail, thereby increasing overall energy efficiency. With OEA's final 
recommended mitigation, there will be no potential for significant 
environmental impacts from construction and operation of the Line. 
After carefully considering the transportation merits and environmental 
issues, the Board, considering the entire record, finds that the 
petition for exemption to allow UP's construction and operation of the 
approximately six-mile line of railroad in Maricopa County described as 
Alternative 1 in the Draft and Final EAs should be granted, subject to 
compliance with the environmental and historic mitigation measures set 
forth in the Appendix to this decision.
    This action, as conditioned, will not significantly impact the 
quality of the human environment or the conservation of energy 
resources.
    It is ordered:
    1. Under 49 U.S.C. 10502, the Board exempts UP's construction and 
operation of the above-described rail line from the formal application 
procedures of 49 U.S.C. 10901.
    2. The Board adopts the environmental and historic mitigation 
measures set forth in the Appendix to this decision and imposes them as 
conditions to the exemption granted herein.
    3. Notice will be published in the Federal Register.
    4. Petitions for reconsideration must be filed by April 2. 2026.
    5. This decision is effective on the date of service.

    Decided: March 12, 2026.

    By the Board, Board Members Fuchs, Hedlund, and Schultz.
Aretha Laws-Byrum,
Clearance Clerk.

Appendix

Transportation and Safety

    VM-TS-1. UP will follow all applicable federal Occupational 
Safety and Health Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, 
and operational safety regulations to minimize the potential for 
accidents and incidents during project-related construction and 
operation.
    VM-TS-2. UP will consult with appropriate federal, state, and 
local transportation agencies to determine the final design of the 
at-grade crossing warning devices. Warning devices on public 
roadways will be subject to review and approval, depending on 
location, by the Arizona Corporation Commission, City of Mesa, and 
Town of Queen Creek. UP will follow standard safety designs for each 
at-grade crossing for proposed warning devices and signs. These 
designs will follow the Federal Highway Administration's Manual on 
Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (2023) and 
the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way 
Association's guidelines for railroad warning devices. UP will also 
comply with applicable Arizona Corporation Commission, City of Mesa, 
and Town of Queen Creek requirements.
    VM-TS-3. Prior to construction of road crossings, when 
reasonably practical, UP and its contractor(s) will consult with 
local transportation officials regarding construction phasing and 
temporary traffic control. UP's contractor(s) will be responsible 
for local agency coordination of construction schedules, detours, 
and temporary traffic control, as well as obtainment of necessary 
temporary traffic control permits from the City of Mesa and Town of 
Queen Creek. As appropriate, UP's contractor(s) will maintain egress 
or traffic routing to allow for passage of emergency and other 
vehicles.
    VM-TS-4. Prior to project-related construction, UP will consult 
with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County to determine the 
final details and reasonable signage for private at-grade crossings 
along access roads.
    VM-TS-5. Prior to project-related construction, UP will consult 
with the Arizona Corporation Commission and City of Mesa regarding 
roadway safety and user expectations, which includes items such as 
pavement markings, signing, delineators, and active warning devices 
for vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists at proposed at-grade 
crossings.
    VM-TS-6. Prior to and during project-related construction, in 
accordance with temporary traffic control permitting requirements, 
UP's contractor(s) will install temporary traffic control, including 
pavement markings, signing, and detours, throughout the project 
limits and applicable work zones.
    VM-TS-7. Prior to and during construction and operation of the 
project, UP will work with the local agencies to facilitate the 
development of cooperative agreements with other emergency service 
providers to share services areas and emergency call response.
    MM-TS-1. UP shall conduct train operations on or over the PIRATE 
at-grade crossings outside the a.m. (6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.) and 
p.m. (3:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.) peak periods to the maximum extent 
practicable.
    MM-TS-2. Prior to increasing the frequency of trains on PIRATE 
beyond two per day (one in each direction) or routinely conducting 
train operations at at-grade crossings on or over PIRATE during peak 
periods (6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. or 3:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.), UP shall 
consult with and comply with the reasonable requirements of the 
Arizona Corporation Commission.
    MM-TS-3. UP shall not block at-grade crossings and adjacent 
signalized intersections on major arterials for more than 10 minutes 
at a time, when reasonably practicable, unless mechanical failure, 
an obstruction on the track, or a similar emergency condition 
prevents a train from being moved clear of the crossing. Major 
arterials include Pecos Road (south and north), Sossaman Road, 
Germann Road, Ellsworth Road, Crismon Road, and Signal Butte Road.
    MM-TS-4. UP shall conduct the consultations required in 
mitigation measures VM-TS-3, VM-TS-4, and VM-TS-5 at least 30 days 
prior to intersection or roadway closures and comply with any 
reasonable requirements of those agencies, unless it is not 
reasonably practicable. Additionally, the requirements in mitigation 
measures VM-TS-3, VM-TS-4, and VM-TS-5, as needed, shall also apply 
to the Town of Gilbert.
    MM-TS-5. If Alternative 2 is authorized by the Board, prior to 
project-related construction, UP shall coordinate with the City of 
Mesa regarding any impacts to Willis Road and the remaining part of 
the Willis Road project.
    MM-TS-6. UP shall fulfill all commitments imposed during the 
Arizona Corporation Commission's railroad crossing review process, 
as recorded in Arizona Corporation Commission Docket No. RR-03639A-
22-0287.
    MM-TS-7. At least 30 days prior to any project-related 
construction on Sossaman Road, UP and UP's contractor shall notify 
the Mesa Gateway Airport Authority of the construction schedule and 
estimated timeline for completion. UP's contractor shall also

[[Page 12881]]

notify Mesa Gateway Airport Authority when construction on Sossaman 
Road is complete.

Air Quality

    VM-AIR-1. In accordance with Maricopa County dust control 
permitting requirements, UP's contractor(s) will implement 
appropriate dust control measures to reduce fugitive dust emissions 
created during project-related construction. UP will require its 
construction contractor(s) to regularly operate water trucks on haul 
roads to reduce dust generation.
    VM-AIR-2. UP will work with its contractor(s) to make sure that 
construction equipment is properly maintained and that mufflers and 
other required pollution-control devices are in working condition in 
order to limit construction-related air pollutant emissions.

Noise and Vibration

    VM-NV-1. UP will comply with Federal Railroad Administration 
regulations (49 CFR part 210) establishing decibel limits for train 
operation.
    VM-NV-2. UP will work with its contractor(s) to make sure that 
project-related construction and maintenance vehicles are maintained 
in good working order with properly functioning mufflers to control 
noise.
    MM-NV-1. During project-related construction, UP's daily 
construction schedule shall adhere to time restrictions that limit 
construction noise prior to 7:00 a.m. or after 5:00 p.m. to the 
maximum extent practicable, as set forth in Town of Gilbert 
Municipal Code Section 42-63, City of Mesa Municipal Code Section 6-
12-6(G), and Town of Queen Creek Ordinance 282-04.
    MM-NV-2. Prior to project-related construction outside of local 
time restrictions within Mesa city limits, UP shall consult with and 
comply with the reasonable requirements of the City of Mesa for a 
special use permit to allow nighttime construction.
    MM-NV-3. During project-related construction, UP shall implement 
the following best management practices: (a) constructing temporary 
sound barriers around work along the Phoenix Subdivision, (b) 
routing construction-related truck traffic to minimize use of 
residential streets, (c) minimizing idling construction equipment 
and placing as far from receptors (e.g., homes, schools, and other 
publicly accessible areas that typically have low noise) as 
possible, (d) operating earthmoving equipment as far from receivers 
as possible, (e) minimizing simultaneous noise and vibration-
generating activities, and (f) avoiding nighttime activities to the 
extent possible.

Hazardous Materials and Waste Sites

    VM-HAZ-1. Prior to initiating any project-related construction, 
UP's contractor(s) will prepare a hazardous waste management plan 
detailing the manner in which hazardous wastes will be managed and 
describing the types and volumes of hazardous wastes anticipated to 
be managed. The hazardous waste management plan will address both 
onsite and offsite hazardous waste management and include the 
following: description of the methods to be used to ensure accurate 
piece counts or weights of shipments; waste minimization methods; 
facilities to be used for treatment, storage, and disposal; onsite 
areas designated where hazardous wastes are to be handled; identify 
whether transfer facilities are to be used, and if so, how the 
wastes will be tracked to ultimate disposal. Additionally, UP's 
contractor(s) will document hazardous waste inspections on a weekly 
basis.
    VM-HAZ-2. In accordance with UP contractor's hazardous waste 
management plan and emergency management plan, and in the event of a 
spill over the applicable reportable quantity, UP's contractor(s) 
will comply with its spill prevention, control, and countermeasures 
plan and applicable federal, state, and local regulations pertaining 
to spill containment, appropriate clean-up, and notifications.
    VM-HAZ-3. UP will require its construction contractor(s) to 
implement measures to protect workers' health and safety and the 
environment in the event that undocumented hazardous materials are 
encountered during construction. UP will document all activities 
associated with hazardous material spill sites and hazardous waste 
sites and will notify the appropriate state and local agencies 
according to applicable regulations. The goal of the measures is to 
ensure the proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, 
including contaminated soil, groundwater, and stormwater, if such 
materials are encountered. UP will use disposal methods that comply 
with applicable solid and hazardous water regulations.
    VM-HAZ-4. UP's contractor(s) will responsibly handle and store 
gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, lubricants, and other petroleum products 
to reduce the risk of spills contaminating soils or surface waters. 
If a petroleum spill occurs in the project limits as a result of 
project-related construction, operation, or maintenance and exceeds 
specific quantities or enters a waterbody, UP's contractor(s) will 
be responsible for promptly cleaning up the spill and notifying 
responsible agencies in accordance with federal and state 
regulations.
    VM-HAZ-5. UP will prepare a hazardous materials emergency 
response to address potential derailments or spills. This plan will 
address the requirements of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
Safety Administration and Federal Railroad Administration 
requirements for comprehensive oil spill response plans. UP will 
distribute the plan to federal, state, and local emergency response 
agencies. This plan shall include a roster of agencies and people to 
be contacted for specific types of emergencies during project-
related construction, operation and maintenance activities, 
procedures to be followed by particular rail employees, emergency 
routes for vehicles, and the location of emergency equipment.
    VM-HAZ-6. In the event of a reportable hazardous materials 
release, UP will notify appropriate federal and state environmental 
agencies as required under federal and state law.
    VM-HAZ-7. UP will comply with applicable Federal Railroad 
Administration, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
Administration, and Transportation Security Administration 
regulations for the safe and secure transportation of hazardous 
materials.
    MM-HAZ-1. Prior to project-related construction, UP shall 
complete an ASTM International E1527-21 Phase I Environmental Site 
Assessment for any commercial real estate to be acquired with 
respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the 
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability 
Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601) and petroleum products.
    MM-HAZ-2. During project-related construction, UP shall 
coordinate with Kinder Morgan to ensure that appropriate U.S. 
Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
Administration guidelines (n.d.) and other applicable regulations 
(49 CFR parts 40 and 190-199; National Fire Protection Association 
58 and 59) are followed regarding protecting closed and active 
pipelines in close proximity to the project limits.
    MM-HAZ-3. During the final design phase of the project, UP shall 
coordinate with the owner/operator of any active exploration, 
monitoring, remediation, or production monitoring wells within the 
project limits to either protect the well, modify the top of casing 
to be above the new grade, or relocate the well outside of the 
project limits.

Biological Resources

    VM-BIO-1. UP will comply with any conditions and mitigation 
commitments contained in this Environmental Assessment, recommended 
by the Arizona Game and Fish Department and/or the U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, for sensitive species, including plants, that 
could potentially be impacted by the project.
    VM-BIO-2. UP will require its contractor(s) to comply with the 
requirements of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act as applicable. The 
following measures will be taken by UP and/or its contractor(s):
    a. Where practical, any ground-disturbing, ground-clearing 
activities or vegetation treatments will be performed before 
migratory birds begin nesting or after all young have fledged.
    b. If such activities must be scheduled to start during the 
migratory bird breeding season, UP will not take steps to prevent 
migratory birds from establishing nests in the potential impact 
area. UP or its agents will not haze or exclude nest access for 
migratory birds and other sensitive avian species.
    c. If such activities must be scheduled during the migratory 
bird breeding season, a qualified biologist will perform a site-
specific survey for nesting birds starting no more than 7 days prior 
to ground-disturbing activities or vegetation treatments. Birds with 
eggs or young will not be hazed, and nests with eggs or young will 
not be moved until the young are no longer dependent on the nest.
    d. If nesting birds are found during the survey, UP will 
establish appropriate seasonal or spatial buffers around nests. 
Vegetation treatments or ground-disturbing activities within the 
buffer areas will be postponed, where feasible, until the birds have 
left the nest. A qualified biologist will confirm that all young 
have fledged.

[[Page 12882]]

    VM-BIO-3. Within 30 days prior to project-related construction, 
qualified biologists will survey for the federal- and state-
protected burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) following guidelines 
provided by the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). Survey 
results will be provided to AGFD.
    VM-BIO-4. If burrowing owls are observed at burrows in the 
project limits, a 100-foot buffer of no activity will be established 
around the burrow for the duration of the project.
    VM-BIO-5. If an active burrowing owl burrow is in an area that 
requires impact, a local, qualified biologist will be contacted to 
remove the owls from the project limits with the appropriate state 
and federal permits. The burrows will be collapsed by the biologist 
to prevent further nesting activities.
    MM-BIO-1. UP shall provide the results of the survey described 
in VM-BIO-3 to the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD) within 30 
days of survey completion, in accordance with the AGFD Burrowing Owl 
Project Clearance Guidance for Landowners (Arizona Burrowing Owl 
Working Group 2009).
    MM-BIO-2. UP shall review updated U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 
and Arizona Game and Fish Department species lists within 3 months 
of the start of project-related construction to see if any special 
status species were added after issuance of the Final EA. If new 
species are identified, UP shall notify OEA so that appropriate 
action can be taken if warranted.
    MM-BIO-3. During implementation of mitigation measure VM-BIO-2, 
UP shall not remove any trees or large tree limbs or conduct 
vegetation removal activities, such as grubbing or shrub clearing, 
between February 1 and September 30 until a biologist has conducted 
a bird nest search of grasses, shrubs, trees, and tree limbs and has 
determined that no active bird nests are present. Vegetation may be 
mowed or removed if it has been surveyed within 7 calendar days 
prior to removal as long as only inactive bird nests, if any, are 
present. Between October 1 and January 31, grubbing, shrub clearing, 
and tree/limb removal activities are not subject to these 
restrictions.
    MM-BIO-4. Prior to project-related construction, UP shall 
conduct a native plant inventory throughout the project limits to 
determine if protected native plants will be affected by project-
related construction and consult with the Arizona Department of 
Agriculture (AZDA) to determine if a permit is required. If 
protected native plants will be affected and an AZDA native plant 
permit is required, UP shall comply with the reasonable requirements 
of AZDA prior to project-related construction.
    MM-BIO-5. UP shall ensure that all disturbed soils are 
landscaped, seeded with a native seed mix, or otherwise permanently 
stabilized following project-related construction.
    MM-BIO-6. Prior to any project-related construction, UP shall 
develop and implement a mitigation plan to address the spread and 
control of non-native invasive plants during the construction. This 
plan shall address the following: (a) planned seed mixes, (b) weed 
prevention and eradication procedures, (c) equipment cleaning 
protocols, (d) revegetation methods, and (e) protocols for 
monitoring revegetation. For any project-related construction on 
lands managed by the Arizona State Land Department (ASLD), UP shall 
seek input on the plan and approval from ASLD prior to construction.
    MM-BIO-7. During any project-related construction, UP shall use 
only the minimum amount of light needed for safety. To the maximum 
extent possible and in accordance with Mesa Gateway Airport's 
lighting requirements, UP shall use narrow spectrum lighting. UP 
shall shield, tilt, or cut lighting to minimize the amount of upward 
shining light.

Water Resources

    VM-W-1. UP's contractor(s) will submit a Notice of Intent to 
request permit coverage under Arizona Pollutant Discharge 
Elimination System Construction Activity General Permit (CGP) 
AZG2020-001 CGP for construction stormwater management.
    VM-W-2. UP's contractor(s) will submit an application for 
coverage under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 
stormwater construction permits pursuant to Section 402 of the Clean 
Water Act for construction stormwater management.
    VM-W-3. UP's contractor(s) will develop a stormwater pollution 
prevention plan, which will include construction best management 
practices to control erosion and reduce the amount of sediment and 
pollutants entering surface waters, groundwater, and waters of the 
United States. UP will require its construction contractor(s) to 
follow all water quality control conditions identified in all 
permits, including the Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps 
of Engineers and the Section 401 Water Quality Certification from 
the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
    VM-W-4. UP will obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of 
Engineers under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act before initiating 
project-related construction in wetlands and other jurisdictional 
waters of the United States. UP will comply with all conditions of 
the Section 404 permit.
    VM-W-5. UP will obtain a Section 401 Water Quality Certification 
from the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. UP will 
incorporate the conditions of the Section 401 Water Quality 
Certification into its construction contract specifications and will 
monitor the project for compliance.
    VM-W-6. UP will minimize impacts to wetlands to the extent 
practicable in the final design. After all practicable steps have 
been taken to minimize impacts to wetlands, UP agrees to prepare a 
mitigation plan for any remaining wetland impacts in consultation 
with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, where applicable.
    VM-W-7. UP's contractor(s) will construct stream crossings 
during low-flow periods, when practical.
    VM-W-8. When practical and in consultation with the Flood 
Control District of Maricopa County and the U.S. Army Corps of 
Engineers (Corps), UP's contractor(s) will minimize impacts to 
streams where impacts are unavoidable, where applicable. After all 
practicable steps have been taken to minimize impacts to streams, UP 
agrees to prepare a mitigation plan for any remaining stream impacts 
in consultation with the Corps, where applicable.
    VM-W-9. For streams and rivers within a floodplain regulated by 
the Flood Control District of Maricopa County, UP will design the 
stream crossing with the goal of not impeding floodwaters and not 
raising water surface elevations to levels that would change the 
regulated floodplain boundary. If flood elevations change, UP will 
coordinate with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and/or local 
floodplain managers to obtain a Letter of Map Revision where 
construction of bridges, culverts or embankments results in an 
unavoidable increase greater than 1 foot to the 100-year water 
surface elevations.
    MM-W-1. Prior to project-related construction, to minimize 
impacts to waters of the United States, UP shall (a) mark the 
boundaries of the wetlands within Rittenhouse Channel to ensure 
avoidance during project-related construction, (b) mark the 
construction limits authorized in the Section 404 permit to ensure 
impacts within waters of the United States do not extend outside the 
permitted limits, (c) ensure that all vehicles and heavy equipment 
used during construction use spill containment equipment, (d) not 
stage or stockpile within waters of the United States, and (e) not 
dispose of any material within waters of the United States or place 
materials in a location where they may reenter waters of the United 
States through drainage or erosion.
    MM-W-2. Prior to project-related construction, UP shall provide 
Flood Control District of Maricopa County an opportunity to review 
and comment on final design plans, including proposed culverts, 
associated end treatments, and other work in the Rittenhouse 
Channel.
    MM-W-3. UP shall provide a new, permanent City of Mesa access 
point into the Ellsworth Channel to replace the access ramp that 
would be displaced by construction of the PIRATE channel crossing.
    MM-W-4. If UP cannot use existing ramps for construction access 
to Rittenhouse Channel, UP shall construct temporary or permanent 
access points per Flood Control District of Maricopa County 
standards.
    MM-W-5. During any project-related construction in a floodplain 
regulated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, UP shall 
comply with the reasonable conditions in its August 2025 floodplain 
permit from the Flood Control District of Maricopa County.

Geology and Soils

    VM-GS-1. UP's contractors(s) will limit ground disturbance to 
only the areas necessary for project-related construction.
    VM-GS-2. During project-related earth-moving activities, UP's 
contractors(s) will remove topsoil and excess earthen material for 
safe and legal disposal to an offsite location.
    VM-GS-3. UP's contractor(s) will stockpile excavated soil in 
areas away from environmentally or culturally sensitive areas and 
will use appropriate erosion control measures to prevent or contain 
erosion.

[[Page 12883]]

    VM-GS-4. UP's contractors(s) will perform finish grading and 
surface disturbed areas with appropriate best management practices, 
where practical and in consultation with the City of Mesa and Town 
of Queen Creek, when construction is completed.
    MM-GS-1. UP shall comply with relevant Federal Railroad 
Administration inspection and maintenance requirements to identify 
and mitigate any threats to the safe operation of the project, 
including those resulting from corrosive soils, where present.

Land Use and Farmland

    VM-LU-1. Prior to project-related construction, UP will secure 
agreements with utility owners to establish responsibility for 
protecting or relocating existing utilities, if impacted by 
construction.
    VM-LU-2. Prior to project-related construction, UP will 
coordinate with Arizona State Land Department to develop irrigation 
infrastructure protection or relocation plans.
    MM-LU-1. UP shall consult with the National Geodetic Survey at 
least 90 days prior to beginning project-related construction that 
would disturb or destroy geodetic marks E68, F517, DU2011, DU0687, 
and any other geodetic marks identified in or adjacent to the 
project limits.
    MM-LU-2. UP shall coordinate with the Flood Control District of 
Maricopa County and the City of Mesa and comply with their 
respective reasonable requirements prior to beginning project-
related construction within the Rittenhouse Channel or the Ellsworth 
Channel.
    MM-LU-3. At least 45 days prior to project-related construction, 
UP shall coordinate with the Mesa Gateway Airport to address 
potential impacts to the preliminary road alignment between 
SkyBridge and Pecos Road (south); confirm the need for Form FAA 
7460-1 (Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration); and review 
compatibility with airspace, navigation facilities, height 
restrictions, and lighting requirements associated with the airport 
overflight areas.
    MM-LU-4. Prior to beginning project-related construction, UP 
shall coordinate with utility providers to verify the adequacy of 
existing utility infrastructure to accommodate increased demand, 
ensure that industry standards are met, and minimize disruptions.
    MM-LU-5. If Alternative 2 is authorized by the Board, UP shall 
coordinate with the owner of The Cubes at Mesa Gateway to resolve 
conflicts with ongoing or future development prior to project-
related construction.

Socioeconomics

    VM-SOC-1. UP will appoint a liaison to consult with communities, 
businesses, agencies, tribal governments, educational institutions, 
and nonprofit organizations to provide general project information, 
progress on construction, information on rail operations and safety 
as needed and will seek to develop cooperative solutions to local 
concerns regarding project-related construction.
    VM-SOC-2. UP and its contractor(s) will consult with appropriate 
adjacent landowners for coordination of construction schedules and 
temporary access during project-related construction.
    MM-SOC-1. At least 2 weeks prior to each temporary road closure, 
UP shall alert the following of the road closure and the use of 
detours: (1) schools and emergency service providers within 3 miles 
of the detour and (2) landowners adjacent to any part of that 
proposed detour.
    MM-SOC-2. At least 90 days prior to project-related 
construction, UP shall make the name and contact information for the 
community liaison identified in VM-SOC-1 available to the public. UP 
shall also promptly notify OEA once the community liaison is 
identified.

Visual Quality

    MM-VQ-1. UP shall design and utilize lighting during project-
related construction and operation in compliance with applicable 
regulations to preserve visibility around airports, including 
Federal Aviation Administration requirements at 14 CFR part 77 
(Safe, efficient use, and preservation of the navigable airspace), 
Arizona Revised Statutes Sec.  28-8462 (Airport hazard; public 
nuisance; prevention and elimination), and Arizona Revised Statutes 
Sec.  49-1102 (Shielding of outdoor light fixtures; exemptions).
    MM-VQ-2. UP shall ensure project lighting complies with the 
zoning provisions of Mesa's Airfield Overlay District, which 
prohibit land uses that ``impair visibility in the vicinity'' of 
Mesa Gateway Airport.
    MM-VQ-3. Prior to project-related construction, UP shall provide 
Mesa Gateway Airport an opportunity to review and approve the final 
project lighting design plans.

Archaeological and Historic Resources

    VM-AHR-1. UP and UP's contractor(s) will comply with the 
requirements of the Memorandum of Agreement and the historic 
properties treatment plan developed by OEA, Arizona State Historic 
Preservation Office, Native American tribal representatives, and 
other federal and state agencies in consultation with other 
consulting parties.

[FR Doc. 2026-05179 Filed 3-16-26; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4915-01-P


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Indexed from Federal Register on March 17, 2026.

This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.