Freedom of Information Act
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Issuing agencies
Abstract
This proposed rule amends the Defense Nuclear Facilities Board's (the Board or DNFSB) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) regulations to incorporate certain changes made by the OPEN Government Act of 2007 and the FOIA Improvement Act of 2016. This proposed rule also amends certain provisions to reflect developments in case law and changes in position titles to align with changes made by the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (AEA) and an agency reorganization. The proposed rule is amending a section to permit submission of FOIA requests by electronic mail to the Board or the government-wide portal. This proposed rule also adds multitrack processing which allows the Board to quickly process simple requests. Finally, the proposed rule defines what information should be included in a denial letter.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 224 (Monday, November 24, 2025)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 224 (Monday, November 24, 2025)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 52893-52897]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-20749]
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Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
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Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 224 / Monday, November 24, 2025 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 52893]]
DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD
10 CFR Part 1703
[Docket No. DNFSB-2025-01]
RIN 3155-AA04
Freedom of Information Act
AGENCY: Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This proposed rule amends the Defense Nuclear Facilities
Board's (the Board or DNFSB) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
regulations to incorporate certain changes made by the OPEN Government
Act of 2007 and the FOIA Improvement Act of 2016. This proposed rule
also amends certain provisions to reflect developments in case law and
changes in position titles to align with changes made by the National
Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 to the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (AEA) and an agency reorganization. The
proposed rule is amending a section to permit submission of FOIA
requests by electronic mail to the Board or the government-wide portal.
This proposed rule also adds multitrack processing which allows the
Board to quickly process simple requests. Finally, the proposed rule
defines what information should be included in a denial letter.
DATES: Comments will be accepted until December 24, 2025.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments at any time prior to the comment
deadline by the following methods:
Email: Send an email to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#492a2624242c273d092d272f3a2b672e263f"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="a7c4c8cacac2c9d3e7c3c9c1d4c589c0c8d1">[email protected]</span></a>. Please include ``FOIA
Regulations Comments'' in the subject line of your email.
Mail: Send hard copy comments to the Defense Nuclear Facilities
Safety Board, Attn: Office of the General Counsel, 625 Indiana Avenue
NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20004-2901.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Patricia A. Hargrave, Associate
General Counsel, Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, 625 Indiana
Avenue NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20004-2901, (202) 694-7000.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
This proposed rule amends the Board's regulations under the Freedom
of Information Act to incorporate changes made to the FOIA, 5 U.S.C.
552, by the Open Government Act of 2007, Public Law, 110-175 and the
FOIA Improvement Act of 2016, Public Law 114-185, 130 Stat. 538 (June
30, 2016). The OPEN Government Act of 2007 states that agencies may not
charge fees for searches or copies if they miss the statutory timeframe
for responding to a FOIA request unless unusual or exceptional
circumstances exist. The FOIA Improvement Act of 2016 provides that
agencies must allow a minimum of 90 days for requesters to file an
administrative appeal. The FOIA Improvement Act also requires that
agencies notify requesters of the availability of dispute resolution
services and the FOIA public liaison at various times throughout the
FOIA process. Finally, the FOIA Improvement Act provided additional
duties for the Chief FOIA Officer. This proposed rule updates the
DNFSB's regulations in 10 CFR part 1703 to reflect those statutory
changes.
In addition, this proposed rule changes position titles to
incorporate amendments to the AEA and to incorporate changes made after
a reorganization. It also corrects a regulatory citation error that
incorrectly referenced a reserved section. This proposed rule
incorporates the new statutory restrictions on charging fees in certain
circumstances.
Finally, this proposed rule removes language overruled by the
Supreme Court regarding exemption 4 and revises the definitions of
``representative of the news media'' and ``educational institution'' to
reflect developments in case law and to be consistent with definitions
contained in the OPEN Government Act of 2007.
This proposed rule defines processing order and provides for multi-
track processing and aggregating requests to provide for faster
processing. Finally, this proposed rule defines what information should
be included in denial letters as required by the FOIA and corrects a
citation reference to align with the proposed new subsection added to
1703.108.
III. Description of the Rule
Sec. 1703.102 Definitions; Words Denoting Number, Gender and Tense
The section heading is revised to remove ``words denoting number,
gender and tense.'' The definitions paragraph is revised to change word
``Chairman'' to Chairperson. The DNFSB's enabling legislation was
amended by the FY 2022 NDAA, and it changed the word ``Chairman'' to
Chairperson. This proposed rule is also revised to state the Designated
FOIA Officer serves as the Chief FOIA Officer and to state that the
Chief Administrative Officer, not the General Manager, is the chief
administrative officer. The General Manager position was abolished
during an agency reorganization. The proposed rule adds the
responsibilities of the Chief FOIA Officer contained in the FOIA
Improvement Act of 2016. These responsibilities include offering
training to employees and serving as the primary liaison to the Office
of Government Information Services and the Office of Information Policy
and as a member of the Chief FOIA Officer Council.
Sec. 1703.103 Requests for Agency Records Available Through the
Electronic Reading Room
Section 103(b)(7) is revised to correct a regulatory citation error
by removing 1703.104 and replacing it with 1704.4.
Sec. 1703.105 Requests for Board Records Not Available Through the
Public Reading Room (FOIA Request)
Section 105(b)(2) only permits submission of FOIA requests by mail.
The Board is amending this paragraph to permit submission of FOIA
requests by electronic mail at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#aee8e1e7efeecac0c8ddcc80c9c1d8"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="fbbdb4b2babb9f959d8899d59c948d">[email protected]</span></a> and the government-wide
<a href="http://FOIA.gov">FOIA.gov</a> portal.
Sec. 1703.107 Fees for Record Requests
Section 107(b)(1) is also revised to conform to recent D.C. Circuit
Court of Appeals decisions addressing two FOIA fee categories:
representative of the news media and educational institution. Cause of
Action v. FTC, 799 F.3d 1108 (D.C. Cir. 2015) and Sack v. DOD, 823 F.3d
687 (D.C. Cir. 2016). The rule is also revised to conform with the
[[Page 52894]]
definition of representative of news media under the OPEN Government
Act of 2007. The Board's existing regulations define a representative
of the news media as ``any person actively gathering news for an entity
that is organized and operated to publish or broadcast to news to the
public.'' In Cause of Action, the Court held that a representative of
the news media need not work for an entity that is ``organized and
operated'' to publish or broadcast news. Therefore, the definition of
``representative of the news media'' is revised to remove the
``organized and operated'' requirement and to adopt the definition
contained in the OPEN Government Act of 2007. The definition of a
representative of the news media is expanded to include gathering
information, using editorial skills to turn raw materials into a
distinct work, and distributing the work to an audience. The definition
of ``educational institution'' is revised to reflect the holding, in
Sack, 823 F.3d at 688, that students who make FOIA requests in
furtherance of their coursework or other school-sponsored activities
may qualify under this requester category.
Section (b)(2)(iv) is revised to conform with the OPEN Government
Act. It is revised to state that the Board will not assess search fees
or duplication fees from educational and noncommercial scientific
institution if it has failed to meet the regulatory deadline.
Sections (b)(2)(ix) and (x) are added to state that Board may
charge search fees or may charge duplication fees for requesters with
preferred fee status if unusual circumstances apply and more than 5000
pages are necessary to respond to the request provided it has given
notice of the unusual circumstances and how to limit the request.
Similarly, if a court determines that ``exceptional circumstances''
exist, the Board's failure to comply with a time limit will be excused
by the court order.
Sec. 1703.108 Processing of FOIA Requests
Sections (c), (d), and (e) are added to include that requests will
be processed in order of receipt. There will be a specific track for
expedited requests and a different process track for simple and more
complex requests based upon amount time and work needed to process the
request. The proposed rule also provides for aggregating multiple
requests for purposes of satisfying unusual circumstances when there
are multiple requests by one requester or a group of requests acting in
concert constitute a single request that would otherwise constitute
unusual circumstances.
Other sections are renumbered, and section (g) adds a sentence that
alerts the requester to the availability of Office of Government
Information Services (OGIS) to provide dispute resolution services.
Section (i) is added and provides the information to be included in
the denial of a request. It includes the identity of the person denying
the request, the reason for denial and exemption used, number of pages
being withheld, appeal procedures and the availability dispute
resolution services from OGIS and assistance from the FOIA public
liaison.
Sec. 1703.109 Procedure for Appeal of Denial of Requests for Board
Records and Denial of Requests for Fee Waiver or Reduction
Section (a)(1) is revised by removing 30 days to appeal a fee
waiver denial and replacing it with 90 days as required by the FOIA
Improvement Act. Section (b) is revised by removing the reference to
Sec. 1703.108(c) and replacing it with 1703.108(f). The proposed
revisions to Sec. 1703.108 redesignated paragraphs (c) through (f).
Sec. 1703.111 Requests for Privileged Treatment of Documents Submitted
to the Board
This proposed rule changes the title of this section to
``Privileged or confidential information'' and removes the title of
``Request for privileged treatment of documents submitted to the
board.'' This new title is consistent with the statutory language of
exemption 4 of the FOIA under 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4), which exempts from
release trade secrets, and commercial or financial information obtained
from a person that is privileged or confidential. When determining
whether exemption 4 of the FOIA can be applied, the current regulation
required the Board to determine substantial harm to a competitive
position of the owner of the information. The Supreme Court, in Food
Marketing Institute v. Argus Leader Media, 139 S.Ct. 2356 (2019),
overturned the current regulatory language. The proposed rule removes
the language to make it consistent with the Supreme Court's decision.
The proposed rule also adds the word ``confidential'' to each relevant
paragraph.
III. Regulatory Analysis
Regulatory Flexibility Act
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601-612,
agencies must consider the impact of their rulemakings on ``small
entities'' (small businesses, small organizations, and local
governments) when publishing regulations subject to the notice and
comment requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act. An agency
must prepare an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA) unless
it determines and certifies that the rule, if promulgated, would not
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. 5 U.S.C. 605(b). The FOIA authorizes Federal agencies to
charge fees only to certain requesters, and only to recover the direct
costs of searching for, reviewing, and duplicating agency records.
Under this proposed rule, the Board will continue to charge fees in
accordance with the FOIA and guidelines from DOJ and OMB. The fees that
the Board assesses for processing FOIA requests are nominal and will
not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities
within the meaning of the RFA. Accordingly, the Board certifies that
the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Section 201 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L.
104-4, 2 U.S.C. 1531), requires Federal agencies to assess the effects
of their regulatory actions on State, Tribal, and local governments,
and the private sector to the extent that such regulations incorporate
requirements specifically set forth in law. Before promulgating a rule
that may result in the expenditure by a State, Tribal, or local
government, in the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million,
adjusted annually for inflation, in any 1 year, an agency must prepare
a written statement that assesses the effects on State, Tribal, and
local governments and the private sector. 2 U.S.C. 1532. This proposed
rule will apply only to requesters under the FOIA and will not result
in expenditures of $100 million or more for State, Tribal, and local
governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector in any 1 year.
This proposed rule also will not impose any enforceable duty, contain
any unfunded mandate, or otherwise have any effect on small governments
subject to the requirements of 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538.
Executive Orders (E.O.) 12866, 13563 and 14219
E.O. 12866, ``Regulation Planning and Review,'' as supplemented and
affirmed by, Executive Order 13563, ``Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review,'' provides that the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs will review any
[[Page 52895]]
regulatory action that qualifies as a ``significant regulatory action''
within the meaning of the E.O. This proposed rule has been reviewed in
compliance with Executive Order 14219, ``Ensuring Lawful Governance and
Implementing the President's `Department of Government Efficiency'
Deregulatory Initiative.'' This proposed rule does not qualify as a
significant regulatory action.
Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform
Under section 3(a) of E.O. 12988, agencies must review their
proposed regulations to eliminate drafting errors and ambiguities,
draft them to minimize litigation, and provide a clear legal standard
for affected conduct. Section 3(b) provides a list of specific matters
that agencies must consider when conducting the review required by
section 3(a). The Board has conducted this review and determined that
this proposed rule complies with the requirements of E.O. 12988.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule contains no new reporting or recordkeeping
requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995, 44 U.S.C.
3501 et seq. This update to the Board's FOIA regulations does not
require or request information from members of the public. Therefore,
this rulemaking is not covered by the restrictions of the PRA.
Congressional Review Act
This proposed rule will not result in and is not likely to result
in (A) an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more; (B) a
major increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries,
Federal, State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions; or
(C) significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment,
productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based
enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises in domestic and
export markets. Therefore, this rule is not expected to be considered a
``major rule'' as defined in 5 U.S.C. 804(2) of the Congressional
Review Act.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 1703
Freedom of information.
For the reasons described in the preamble, the Board proposes to
amend 10 CFR part 1703 as follows:
PART 1703--PUBLIC INFORMATION AND REQUESTS
0
1. The authority for part 1703 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 552; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 42 U.S.C. 2286b.
0
2. In Sec. 1703.102, revise the section heading and section (5) to
read as follows:
1703.102 Definitions.
* * * * *
(5) * * *
Chairperson means the Chairperson of the Board.
Designated FOIA Officer serves as the Chief FOIA Officer and is the
person designated by the Board's to administer the Board's activities
pursuant to the regulations in this part. The Designated FOIA Officer
shall also be the Board officer having custody or responsibility for
agency records in the possession of the Board and shall be the Board
officer responsible for authorizing or denying production of records
upon requests filed pursuant to Sec. 1703.105.
* * * * *
Chief Administrative Officer means the chief administrative officer
of the Board.
* * * * *
0
3. In Sec. 1703.103, revise paragraph (b)(7) to read as follows:
1703.103 Requests for agency records available through the electronic
reading room.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(7) Board correspondence, except that which is exempt from
mandatory public disclosure under Sec. 1704.4.
0
4. In Sec. 1703.105, revise paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:
(b) * * *
(2) The request should be addressed to the Designated FOIA Officer
and clearly marked ``Freedom of Information Act Request.'' The address
for such requests is: Designated FOIA Officer, Defense Nuclear
Facilities Safety Board, 625 Indiana Avenue NW, Suite 700, Washington,
DC 20004, by email at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4b0d04020a0b2f252d3829652c243d"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="bbfdf4f2fafbdfd5ddc8d995dcd4cd">[email protected]</span></a>, or the government-wide <a href="http://FOIA.gov">FOIA.gov</a>
portal.* * *
* * * * *
0
5. In Sec. 1703.107, revise the definitions in paragraphs (b)(1);
revise paragraph (b)(2)(iv); and add subsections (ix) and (x) to
paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:
1703.107 Fees for record requests
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) * * *
Educational institution refers to any school that operates a
program of scholarly research. It includes students who make a request
in furtherance of their coursework or other school-sponsored activity.
* * * * *
Representative of the news media refers to any person or entity
that gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the
public, uses its editorial skills to turn raw materials into a distinct
work, and distributes that work to an audience. * * *
* * * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) The Board will not assess any search fees if has failed to
meet its deadlines in 1703.108 or duplication fees from requesters
described in paragraphs (ii) of this section.
* * * * *
(ix) If the Board has determined that unusual circumstances as
defined by the FOIA apply, and more than 5,000 pages are necessary to
respond to the request, the Board may charge search fees, or, in the
case of requesters described in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section,
may charge duplication fees if the following steps are taken. The Board
must have provided timely written notice of unusual circumstances to
the requester in accordance with the FOIA and must have discussed with
the requester via written mail, email, or telephone (or made not less
than three good-faith attempts to do so) how the requester could
effectively limit the scope of the request in accordance with 5 U.S.C.
552(a)(6)(B)(ii). If this exception is satisfied, the Board may charge
all applicable fees incurred in the processing of the request.
(x) If a court has determined that exceptional circumstances exist
as defined by the FOIA, a failure to comply with the time limits shall
be excused for the length of time provided by the court order.
* * * * *
0
6. In Sec. 1703.108, redesignate paragraphs (c) through (e); add new
paragraphs (c) through (e) and (i); and revise the redesignated
paragraph (g) to read as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old section New section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1703.108(c).......................................... 1703.108(f)
1703.108(d).......................................... 1703.108(g)
1703.108(e).......................................... 1703.108(h)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
(c) The Board ordinarily will respond to requests according to
their order of receipt. In instances involving misdirected requests,
the response time will commence on the date that the request is first
received by any Board office.
(d) Multitrack processing. The Board will designate a specific
track for requests that are granted expedited processing, in accordance
with the standards set forth in 1703.105(e). The
[[Page 52896]]
Board may also designate additional processing tracks that distinguish
between simple and more complex requests based on the estimated amount
of work or time needed to process the request. Among the factors the
Board may consider are the number of pages involved in processing the
request and the need for consultations or referrals. The Board shall
advise requesters of the track into which their request falls and, when
appropriate, shall offer the requesters an opportunity to narrow their
request so that it can be placed in a different processing track.
(e) Aggregating requests. For the purposes of satisfying unusual
circumstances under the FOIA, the Board may aggregate requests in cases
where it reasonably appears that multiple requests, submitted either by
a requester or by a group of requesters acting in concert, constitute a
single request that would otherwise involve unusual circumstances. The
Board shall not aggregate multiple requests that involve unrelated
matters.
* * * * *
(g) If no determination has been made at the end of the ten day
period, or the last extension thereof, the requester may deem his
administrative remedies to have been exhausted, giving rise to a right
of review in a district court of the United States as specified in 5
U.S.C. 552(a)(4). When no determination can be made within the
applicable time limit, the Board will nevertheless continue to process
the request. If the Board is unable to provide a response within the
statutory period, the Designated FOIA Officer shall inform the
requester of the reason for the delay; the date on which a
determination may be expected to be made; and that the requester can
seek remedy through the courts but shall ask the requester to forgo
such action until a determination is made. The Board must also alert
requesters to the availability of the Office of Government Information
Services to provide dispute resolution services.
* * * * *
(i) Denial of a request. The denial of a request shall be signed by
the Designated FOIA Officer and shall include:
(1) The name and title or position of the person responsible for
denial;
(2) A brief statement of reasons for the denial, including any FOIA
exemption applied by the Board in denying the request;
(3) An estimate of the volume of any records or information
withheld, such as the number of pages or some other reasonable form of
estimation, although such an estimate is not required if the volume is
otherwise indicated by deletions marked on records that are disclosed
in part or if providing an estimate would harm an interest protected by
an applicable exemption;
(4) A statement that the denial may be appealed and a description
of the requirements under Sec. 1703.109; and
(5) A statement notifying the requester of the assistance available
from the FOIA Public Liaison, and the dispute resolution services
offered by the Office of Government Information Services.
0
7. In Sec. 1703.109, revise paragraph (a)(1) by removing 30 and
replacing it with 90 and revise paragraph (b) by removing Sec.
1703.108(c) and replacing it with Sec. 1703.108(f) to read as follows:
(a) * * *
(1) * * *A person denied a fee waiver or reduction may appeal that
determination to the General Counsel within 90 days.* * *
* * * * *
(b) In unusual circumstances, as defined in Sec. 1703.108(f), the
time limits prescribed for deciding an appeal pursuant to this section
may be extended by up to ten working days, by the General Counsel, who
will send written notice to the requester setting forth the reasons for
such extension and the expected determination date.
0
8. In Sec. 1703.111, revise the section heading and paragraphs
(b)((1)-(4); (c)(1) and (2); and (d); remove the current paragraph (e);
redesignate paragraph (f) to paragraph (e); redesignate paragraph (g)
to paragraph (f); and revise the redesignated paragraphs (e) and (f) to
read as follows:
Sec. 1703.111 Privileged or confidential information
* * * * *
(b) Procedures. A person claiming that information is privileged or
confidential under paragraph (a) of this section must file:
(1) An application, accompanied by an affidavit, requesting
privileged or confidential treatment for some or all of the information
in a document, and stating the justification for nondisclosure of the
information;
(2) The original document, boldly indicating on the front page
``Contains Privileged or Confidential Information--Do Not Release'' and
identifying within the document the information for which the
privileged or confidential treatment is sought;
(3) Three copies of the redacted document (i.e., without the
information for which privileged or confidential treatment is sought)
and with a statement indicating that information has been removed for
privileged or confidential treatment; and
(4) The name, title, address, telephone number, and email address
of the person or persons to be contacted regarding the request for
privileged or confidential treatment of documents submitted to the
Board.
(c) * * *
(1) The Designated FOIA Officer shall place documents for which
privileged or confidential treatment is sought in accordance with
paragraph (b) of this section in a nonpublic file, while the request
for privileged or confidential treatment is pending. By placing
documents in a nonpublic file, the Board is not making a determination
on any claim for privilege or confidentiality. The Board retains the
right to make determinations with regard to any claim of privilege or
confidentiality, and the discretion to release information as necessary
to carry out its responsibilities.
(2) The Designated FOIA Officer shall place the request for
privileged or confidential treatment described in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section and a copy of the redacted document described in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section in a public file while the request for
privileged treatment is pending.
(d) Notification of request and opportunity to comment. When a FOIA
requester seeks a document for which privilege or confidentiality is
claimed, the Designated FOIA Officer shall so notify the person who
submitted the document and give that person an opportunity (at least
five days) in which to comment in writing on the request. A copy of
this notice shall be sent to the FOIA requester.
(e) Notification before release. Notice of a decision by the
Designated FOIA Officer to deny a claim of privilege or
confidentiality, in whole or in part, shall be given to any person
claiming that information is privileged or confidential no less than
five days before public disclosure. The decision shall be made only
after consultation with the General Counsel's Office. The notice shall
briefly explain why the person's objections to disclosure were not
sustained. A copy of this notice shall be sent to the FOIA requester.
(f) Notification of suit in Federal courts. When a FOIA requester
brings suit to compel disclosure of privileged or confidential
information, the Board shall notify the person who submitted documents
containing such confidential information of the suit.
[[Page 52897]]
Dated: November 20, 2025.
Mary Buhler,
Executive Director of Operations.
[FR Doc. 2025-20749 Filed 11-21-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3670-01-P
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</html>This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.