Rule2025-20205

Air Plan Approval; Colorado; Inspection and Maintenance Program Revision

Primary source

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Published
November 18, 2025
Effective
December 18, 2025

Issuing agencies

Environmental Protection Agency

Abstract

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is approving a revision to the Colorado State Implementation Plan (SIP). The revision includes changes to the motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program of the State of Colorado. The EPA is taking this action pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA).

Full Text

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<title>Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 220 (Tuesday, November 18, 2025)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 220 (Tuesday, November 18, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 51515-51517]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-20205]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R08-OAR-2024-0468; FRL-12884-02-R8]


Air Plan Approval; Colorado; Inspection and Maintenance Program 
Revision

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is approving a 
revision to the Colorado State Implementation Plan (SIP). The revision 
includes changes to the motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) 
program of the State of Colorado. The EPA is taking this action 
pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA).

DATES: This rule is effective on December 18, 2025.

ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under 
Docket ID No. EPA-R08-OAR-2024-0468. All documents in the docket are 
listed on the <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">http://www.regulations.gov</a> website. Although listed in 
the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or 
other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain 
other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the 
internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. 
Publicly available docket materials are available through <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">http://www.regulations.gov</a>, or please contact the person identified in the FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section for additional availability 
information.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gregory Lohrke, Air and Radiation 
Division, EPA, Region 8, Mailcode 8ARD-IO, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, 
Colorado 80202-1129, (303) 312-6396, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#365a595e445d53185144535159444f7653465718515940"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="15797a7d677e703b726770727a676c557065743b727a63">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document ``we,'' ``us,'' and 
``our'' means the EPA.

I. Background

    The background for this action is discussed in detail in our August 
7, 2025, proposal (90 FR 38088). In that document we proposed to 
approve state-initiated revisions to the Colorado Air Quality Control 
Commission's Regulation Number 11, ``Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection 
Program'' (hereafter, ``Regulation No. 11'') as a revision to the 
Colorado SIP. Colorado submitted these changes to state regulation to 
the EPA as a SIP revision on May 16, 2022. The Colorado I/M program is 
maintained by the State and periodically revised for compliance with 
the applicable program requirements for SIPs under CAA sections 
182(a)(2)(B), 182(b)(4), and 182(c)(3) and the EPA's regulations under 
40 CFR part 51, subpart S for certain nonattainment areas for the 2008 
and 2015 ozone national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).
    In the EPA's August 7, 2025, proposed rule to approve Colorado's 
SIP revision, we detailed the various changes to Regulation No. 11 and 
the resultant effects on the state's I/M program. Proposed approval of 
Colorado SIP revisions was limited to changes to Regulation No. 11, 
Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D, and did not consider any revisions 
to state regulation which were submitted as ``state-only'' 
strengthening provisions that did not inhibit effectiveness of the I/M 
program. The EPA's proposed approval documented our evaluation of the 
substantive changes to the Colorado I/M program and found all revisions 
submitted for federal approval to have no negative impact on emission 
reduction benefits provided by the I/M program and to be consistent 
with applicable CAA requirements.\1\ No comments were received on the 
proposed approval of the Colorado SIP revision, adverse or otherwise.
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    \1\ See CAA section 110(l).
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II. Final Action

    The EPA is approving the changes to Colorado's Regulation 11. 
Specifically, we are finalizing approval of Colorado SIP revisions 
submitted to the EPA on May 16, 2022, amending Regulation No. 11, Part 
A, sections I, II, IV, and V, Part B, section XI, Part C, sections II, 
III, VIII, XI, and XII, and Part D, sections I, II, and III.

III. Incorporation by Reference

    In this document, the EPA is finalizing regulatory text that 
includes incorporation by reference. In accordance with requirements of 
1 CFR 51.5, the EPA is finalizing the incorporation by reference of the 
Colorado Air Quality Control Commission regulations found in the Code 
of Colorado Regulations (CCR) at 5 CCR 1001-13 as described in the 
amendments to 40 CFR part 52 set forth below. The EPA has made, and 
will continue to make, these materials generally available through 
<a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a> and at the EPA Region 8 Office (please contact the 
person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of 
this preamble for more information). Therefore, these materials have 
been approved by the EPA for inclusion in the SIP, have been 
incorporated by reference by the EPA into that plan, are fully 
federally enforceable under sections 110 and 113 of the CAA as of the 
effective date of the final rulemaking of the EPA's approval, and will 
be incorporated by reference in the next update to the SIP 
compilation.\2\
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    \2\ 62 FR 27968 (May 22, 1997).
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IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP 
submission that complies with the provisions of the CAA and applicable 
Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in 
reviewing SIP submissions, the EPA's role is to approve state choices, 
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this 
action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and 
does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state 
law. For that reason, this action:
    <bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review 
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866 (58 
FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
    <bullet> Is not subject to Executive Order 14192 (90 FR 9065, 
February 6, 2025) because SIP actions are exempt from review under 
Executive Order 12866;
    <bullet> Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
    <bullet> Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
    <bullet> Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely

[[Page 51516]]

affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
    <bullet> Does not have federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
    <bullet> Is not subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, 
April 23, 1997) because it approves a state program;
    <bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); and
    <bullet> Is not subject to requirements of section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the CAA.
    In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian 
reservation land or in any other area where the EPA or an Indian Tribe 
has demonstrated that a Tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of 
Indian country, the rule does not have Tribal implications and will not 
impose substantial direct costs on Tribal governments or preempt Tribal 
law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 
2000).
    This action is subject to the Congressional Review Act, and the EPA 
will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the 
Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a ``major 
rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide, 
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen 
oxides, Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile 
organic compounds.

    Dated: October 29, 2025.
Cyrus M. Western,
Regional Administrator, Region 8.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental 
Protection Agency is amending 40 CFR part 52 as follows:

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart G--Colorado

0
2. In Sec.  52.320, the table in paragraph (c) is amended by:
0
a. Under the heading ``5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor 
Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part A, General Provisions, Area 
of Applicability, Schedules for Obtaining Certification of Emissions 
Control, Definitions, Exemptions, and Clean Screening/Remote Sensing'', 
revising the entries ``I. Applicability'', ``II. Definitions'', ``IV. 
Clean Screen/Remote Emissions Sensing'', and ``V. Expansion of the 
Enhanced Emissions Program to the North Front Range Area'';
0
b. Under the heading ``5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor 
Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part B, Standards and Procedures 
for the Approval, Operation, Gas Span Adjustment, Calibration and 
Certification of the Division Approved Test Analyzer Systems for Use in 
the Basic and Enhanced Areas and Test Analyzer Systems for Licensed 
Dealers in the Enhanced Area'', adding entry ``XI. Requests for 
Approval of Clean Screen Test Analyzer Systems'' in numerical order;
0
c. Under the heading ``5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor 
Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part C, Inspection Procedures and 
Requirements for Exhaust Emissions, Fuel Evaporation Control, Visible 
Smoke Emissions, Emissions Control Systems, On-Board Diagnostics (OBD); 
and Practices to Ensure Proper Emissions Related Adjustments and 
Repairs'', revising the entries ``II. Exhaust Emissions Inspection 
Procedures'', ``III. Emissions Control Systems Inspection Procedures'', 
``VIII. Certification of Emissions Control'', ``XI. Engine Changes'', 
and ``XII. Clean Screen Inspection Program Procedures''; and
    d. Under the heading ``5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor 
Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part D, Qualification and 
Licensing of Emissions Mechanics, Emissions Inspectors and Clean Screen 
Inspectors; Licensing of Emissions Inspection and Readjustment 
Stations, Inspection-Only Stations, Inspection-Only Facilities, Fleets, 
Motor Vehicle Dealer Test Facilities and Enhanced Inspection Centers; 
Qualification of Clean Screen Inspection Sites; and Registration of 
Emissions Related Repair Facilities and Technicians'', revising the 
entries ``I. Licensing of Emissions Inspection and Readjustment 
Stations, Inspection-Only Stations, Inspection-Only Facilities, 
Enhanced Inspection Centers, Fleet Inspection Stations and Motor 
Vehicle Dealer Test Facilities'', ``II. Qualification and Licensing of 
Emission Mechanics, and Emissions Inspectors'', and ``III. Registration 
of Emissions Related Repair Facilities''.
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  52.320  Identification of plan.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *

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                                           State       EPA effective
                Title                 effective date       date               Final rule citation/date                          Comments
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                                                                      * * * * * * *
    5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part A, General Provisions, Area of Applicability, Schedules for
                        Obtaining Certification of Emissions Control, Definitions, Exemptions, and Clean Screening/Remote Sensing
I. Applicability....................      10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
                                                                       where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
II. Definitions.....................      10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
                                                                       where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
IV. Clean Screen/Remote Emissions         10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Sensing.                                                              where the document begins], 11/18/2025.

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V. Expansion of the Enhanced              10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Emissions Program to the North                                        where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 Front Range Area.
 5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part B, Standards and Procedures for the Approval, Operation, Gas Span
   Adjustment, Calibration and Certification of the Division Approved Test Analyzer Systems for Use in the Basic and Enhanced Areas and Test Analyzer
                                                    Systems for Licensed Dealers in the Enhanced Area
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
XI. Requests for Approval of Clean        10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Screen Test Analyzer Systems.                                         where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part C, Inspection Procedures and Requirements for Exhaust Emissions,
   Fuel Evaporation Control, Visible Smoke Emissions, Emissions Control Systems, On-Board Diagnostics (OBD); and Practices to Ensure Proper Emissions
                                                             Related Adjustments and Repairs
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
II. Exhaust Emissions Inspection          10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Procedures.                                                           where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
III. Emissions Control Systems            10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Inspection Procedures.                                                where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
VIII. Certification of Emissions          10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Control.                                                              where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
XI. Engine Changes..................      10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
                                                                       where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
XII. Clean Screen Inspection Program      10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Procedures.                                                           where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 5 CCR 1001-13, Regulation Number 11, Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program--Part D, Qualification and Licensing of Emissions Mechanics, Emissions
     Inspectors and Clean Screen Inspectors; Licensing of Emissions Inspection and Readjustment Stations, Inspection-Only Stations, Inspection-Only
      Facilities, Fleets, Motor Vehicle Dealer Test Facilities and Enhanced Inspection Centers; Qualification of Clean Screen Inspection Sites; and
                                           Registration of Emissions Related Repair Facilities and Technicians
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
I. Licensing of Emissions Inspection      10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 and Readjustment Stations,                                            where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 Inspection-Only Stations,
 Inspection-Only Facilities,
 Enhanced Inspection Centers, Fleet
 Inspection Stations and Motor
 Vehicle Dealer Test Facilities.
II. Qualification and Licensing of        10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Emission Mechanics, and Emissions                                     where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 Inspectors.
III. Registration of Emissions            10/15/2021      12/18/2025  90 FR [insert Federal Register page       ........................................
 Related Repair Facilities.                                            where the document begins], 11/18/2025.
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
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[FR Doc. 2025-20205 Filed 11-17-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


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