Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh From Mexico: Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Circumvention of the Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty Orders
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Issuing agencies
Abstract
The U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) preliminarily determines that imports of certain low carbon steel (LCS) wire that are produced in Mexico and assembled or completed into standard steel welded wire mesh (welded wire mesh) in the United States are circumventing the antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders on welded wire mesh from Mexico. As a result, all imports of certain LCS wire from Mexico imported by Deacero S.A.P.I. de C.V. (Deacero) will be subject to suspension of liquidation on or after April 2, 2024, and all other imports of certain LCS wire from Mexico will be subject to suspension of liquidation on or after the date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register. Commerce is also imposing a certification requirement. We invite interested parties to comment on this preliminary determination.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 177 (Tuesday, September 16, 2025)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 177 (Tuesday, September 16, 2025)]
[Notices]
[Pages 44635-44638]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-17905]
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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
International Trade Administration
[A-201-853, C-201-854]
Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh From Mexico: Preliminary
Affirmative Determination of Circumvention of the Antidumping Duty and
Countervailing Duty Orders
AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration,
Department of Commerce.
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) preliminarily
determines that imports of certain low carbon steel (LCS) wire that are
produced in Mexico and assembled or completed into standard steel
welded wire mesh (welded wire mesh) in the United States are
circumventing the antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD)
orders on welded wire mesh from Mexico. As a result, all imports of
certain LCS wire from Mexico imported by Deacero S.A.P.I. de C.V.
(Deacero) will be subject to suspension of liquidation on or after
April 2, 2024, and all other imports of certain LCS wire from Mexico
will be subject to suspension of liquidation on or after the date of
publication of this notice in the Federal Register. Commerce is also
imposing a certification requirement. We invite interested parties to
comment on this preliminary determination.
DATES: Applicable September 16, 2025.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kayden Jenson, Office II, Enforcement
and Compliance, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230; telephone:
(202) 482-0967.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On August 9, 2021, and April 12, 2021, respectively, Commerce
published in the Federal Register the AD and CVD orders on U.S. imports
of welded wire mesh from Mexico.\1\ On January 14, 2025, pursuant to
section 781(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act), and 19
CFR 351.226(d)(1), Commerce initiated a country-wide circumvention
inquiry to determine whether imports of LCS wire from Mexico that are
assembled or completed into welded wire mesh in the United States are
circumventing the Orders and, accordingly, should be covered by the
scope of the Orders.\2\ On February 21, 2025, Commerce selected
Impulsora del Alambre S.A. de C.V. (Impulsora) and Deacero S.A.P.I. de
CV (Deacero), Mexican producers of LCS wire, as the mandatory
respondents in this circumvention inquiry.\3\
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\1\ See Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh from Mexico: Antidumping
Duty Order, 86 FR 43525 (August 9, 2021) (AD Order); see also
Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh from Mexico: Countervailing Duty
Order, 86 FR 18940 (April 12, 2021) (CVD Order) (collectively,
Orders).
\2\ See Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh from Mexico: Initiation
of Circumvention Inquiry on the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty
Orders, 90 FR 3173 (January 14, 2025) (Initiation Notice).
\3\ See Memorandum, ``Circumvention Inquiry of the Antidumping
and Countervailing Duty Orders on Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh
from Mexico: Respondent Selection,'' dated February 21, 2025.
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For a complete description of the events that followed the
initiation of this circumvention inquiry, see the Preliminary Decision
Memorandum.\4\ The topics included in the Preliminary Decision
Memorandum are identified in Appendix I to this notice. The Preliminary
Decision Memorandum is a public document and is on file electronically
via Enforcement and Compliance's Antidumping and Countervailing Duty
Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS). ACCESS is available to
registered users at <a href="https://access.trade.gov">https://access.trade.gov</a>. In addition, a complete
version of the Preliminary Decision Memorandum can be accessed directly
at <a href="http://access.trade.gov/public/FRNoticesListLayout.aspx">http://access.trade.gov/public/FRNoticesListLayout.aspx</a>.
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\4\ See Memorandum, ``Preliminary Decision Memorandum for the
Circumvention Inquiry of the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty
Orders on Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh from Mexico,'' dated
concurrently with, and hereby adopted by, this notice (Preliminary
Decision Memorandum).
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Scope of the Orders
The merchandise covered by these Orders is welded wire mesh. For a
full description of the scope of the Orders, see the Preliminary
Decision Memorandum.
Merchandise Subject to the Circumvention Inquiry
This circumvention inquiry covers certain LCS wire produced in
Mexico and further processed and completed in the United States into
welded wire mesh from Mexico.
Methodology
Commerce made this preliminary circumvention determination in
accordance with section 781(a) of the Act and 19 CFR 351.226. For a
full description of the methodology underlying the preliminary
determination, see the Preliminary Decision Memorandum.
Preliminary Circumvention Determination
We preliminarily determine that welded wire mesh, assembled or
completed in the United States using Mexican-origin LCS wire produced
by Deacero, is circumventing the Orders. We also preliminarily
determine that Mexican-origin LCS wire produced by Impulsora is not
assembled or completed into welded wire mesh in the United States, and
therefore, is not circumventing the Orders.
As detailed in the Preliminary Decision Memorandum, we also
preliminarily determine that U.S. imports of inquiry merchandise
exported from Mexico are circumventing the Orders on a country-wide
basis. As a result, we preliminarily
[[Page 44636]]
determine that this merchandise is covered by the Orders.
See the ``Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits'' section
below for details regarding suspension of liquidation and cash deposit
requirements. See the ``Certification'' and ``Certification
Requirements'' sections below for details regarding the use of
certifications.
Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits
Based on the preliminary affirmative country-wide determination of
circumvention, in accordance with 19 CFR 351.226(l)(2), we will direct
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to suspend liquidation and
require a cash deposit of estimated duties on unliquidated entries of
LCS wire that are produced in Mexico and assembled or completed into
welded wire mesh in the United States, that were entered, or withdrawn
from warehouse, for consumption by Deacero or its affiliates on or
after April 22, 2024, the date of publication of the preliminary
affirmative circumvention determination in the circumvention inquiry of
pre-stressed concrete steel wire strand from Mexico,\5\ pursuant to 19
CFR 351.226(l)(3)(iii)(A). For all other companies, we will direct CBP
to suspend liquidation and require a cash deposit of estimated duties
on unliquidated entries of LCS wire that are produced in Mexico and
assembled or completed into welded wire mesh in the United States, that
were entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after
the date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register.\6\
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\5\ See Prestressed Concrete Steel Wire Strand from Mexico:
Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Circumvention of the
Antidumping Duty Order, 89 FR 22668 (April 2, 2024), unchanged in
Prestressed Concrete Steel Wire Strand from Mexico: Final
Affirmative Determination of Circumvention of the Antidumping Duty
Order, 89 FR 79252 (September 27, 2024).
\6\ See Initiation Notice, 90 FR at 3173.
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Entries for which the importer has met the certification and
documentation requirements described below and in Appendix II of this
notice will not be subject to suspension of liquidation, or the cash
deposit requirements described above. In accordance with 19 CFR
351.228(b), where the certification and documentation requirements are
not met for an entry, Commerce intends to instruct CBP to suspend the
entry and collect cash deposits at the rates applicable to the AD and
CVD orders on welded wire mesh from Mexico, and may instruct CBP to
assess antidumping or countervailing duties at the applicable rate.
For producers and/or exporters of the LCS wire that have a company-
specific cash deposit rate under the Orders, the cash deposit rate will
be the company-specific rate. Otherwise, Commerce will instruct CBP to
require cash deposits equal to the AD all-others rate (i.e., 22.01
percent) \7\ and the CVD all-others rate (i.e., 1.03 percent).\8\
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\7\ See AD Order, 86 FR at 43526.
\8\ See CVD Order, 86 FR at 18940.
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These suspension of liquidation requirements will remain in effect
until further notice.
Certifications
In order to administer the preliminary affirmative country-wide and
company-specific determinations of circumvention, Commerce has
established importer certifications. These certifications will permit
importers to establish that specific entries of LCS wire from Mexico
are not subject to suspension of liquidation or the collection of cash
deposits pursuant to this preliminary country-wide affirmative
determination of circumvention because the merchandise will not be
further processed into welded wire mesh covered by the Orders (see
Appendix II to this notice).
Importers that claim that an entry of LCS wire is not subject to
suspension of liquidation or the collection of cash deposits based on
the end-use of such merchandise must complete the applicable
certification and meet the certification requirements described below,
as well as the requirements identified in the certification.
Certification Requirements
Importers are required to complete and maintain the applicable
importer certification and retain all supporting documentation for the
certification. With the exception of the entries described below, the
importer certification must be completed, signed, and dated by the time
the entry summary is filed for the relevant entry. Shipments entered,
or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption by Deacero on or after
April 2, 2024 (i.e., the date of publication of the preliminary
affirmative determination of circumvention by Deacero for pre-stressed
concrete steel wire strand from Mexico) must comply with the importer
certification requirements described below. For all other shipments,
the importer certification requirements are effective for all shipments
entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after the
date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register. While
Commerce will normally begin suspension of liquidation on or after the
date of the publication of the notice of initiation of the
circumvention inquiry pursuant to 19 CFR 351.226(l)(2)(ii), in this
instance, given that Commerce's affirmative determination rests on the
behavior of one party (Deacero) and that the action of the other party
subject to individual examination under this inquiry (Impulsora)
demonstrates no attempt at circumvention, Commerce is beginning the
suspension of liquidation and the certification requirement for all
other parties at a later date (i.e., the publication of this notice in
the Federal Register). In this regard, Commerce notes that Deacero and
Impulsora together account for nearly all shipments of low-carbon steel
wire to the United States from Mexico (more than 95 percent).\9\
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\9\ Pursuant to 19 CFR 351.226(m), Commerce has the discretion
to consider the ``appropriate remedy'' for an affirmative
determination in circumvention inquiry, including for a country-wide
determination.
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With the exception of entries described below, the importer, or the
importer's agent, must submit the importer's certification, the steel
mill certificate for the imported product, and the commercial invoice
for the imported product to CBP at the time of entry summary by
uploading these documents into the document imaging system (DIS) in the
Automated Commercial Environment (ACE). Consistent with CBP's
procedures, importers shall identify certified entries by using
importers' additional declaration (record 54) AD/CVD Certification
Designation (type code 06) when filing an entry summary.\10\ Where the
importer uses a broker to facilitate the entry process, it should
obtain the entry summary number from the broker. Agents of the
importer, such as brokers, however, are not permitted to certify on
behalf of the importer.
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\10\ See CBP Cargo Systems Messaging Service Bulletin 59384253,
``CATAIR Entry Summary Create/Update and Error Dictionary Have Been
Updated--AD/CVD CERT,'' dated February 12, 2024; see also Announcing
an Importer's Additional Declaration in the Automated Commercial
Environment Specific to Antidumping/Countervailing Duty
Certifications, 89 FR 7372 (February 2, 2024).
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Additionally, the claims made in the certifications and any
supporting documentation are subject to verification by Commerce and/or
CBP. Importers are required to maintain the certifications and
supporting documentation until the later of: (1) the date that is five
years after the latest entry date of the entries covered by the
[[Page 44637]]
certification; or (2) the date that is three years after the conclusion
of any litigation in United States courts regarding such entries.
For all shipments of LCS wire from Mexico that were entered, or
withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption by Deacero during the period
April 2, 2024 (i.e., the date of publication of the preliminary
affirmative determination of circumvention by Deacero for pre-stressed
concrete steel wire strand from Mexico), through September 26, 2025,
where the entry has not been liquidated (and entries for which
liquidation has not become final), and for consumption by all other
companies during the period beginning on the date of publication of
this notice in the Federal Register, through September 26, 2025, where
the entry has not been liquidated (and entries for which liquidation
has not become final), the relevant certification should be completed
and signed as soon as practicable, but not later than October 27, 2025.
For such entries, importers have the option to complete a blanket
certification covering multiple entries, individual certifications for
each entry, or a combination thereof. The importer certification,
commercial invoice, and steel mill certificate should be uploaded to
the DIS in ACE as soon as practicable, but not later than October 27,
2025. For such entries, importers have the option to complete a blanket
certification covering multiple entries, individual certifications for
each entry, or a combination thereof.
For unliquidated entries (and entries for which liquidation has not
become final) of LCS wire that were declared as non-AD/CVD type entries
(e.g., type 01) and entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for
consumption in the United States during the period beginning on the
date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register, through
September 26, 2025, for which none of the above certifications may be
made, importers must file a Post Summary Correction with CBP, in
accordance with CBP's regulations, regarding conversion of such entries
from non-AD/CVD type entries to AD/CVD type entries (e.g., type 01 to
type 03) as soon as practicable, but not later than September 26, 2025.
The importer should pay cash deposits on those entries consistent with
the regulations governing post summary corrections that require payment
of additional duties.
If it is determined that an importer has not met the certification
and/or related documentation requirements for certain entries, Commerce
intends to instruct CBP to suspend, pursuant to this preliminary
country-wide affirmative determination of circumvention and the
Orders,\11\ all unliquidated entries for which these requirements were
not met and to require the importer to post applicable AD/CVD cash
deposits equal to the rates noted above.
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\11\ See Orders.
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Interested parties may comment in their case briefs on these
certification requirements, and on the certification language contained
in Appendix II to this notice.
Verification
As provided in 19 CFR 351.307, Commerce may verify relevant factual
information prior to making a final determination. At this time,
Commerce does not intend to conduct a verification with respect to this
circumvention inquiry.
Public Comment
Case briefs or other written comments should be submitted to the
Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance no later than 14
days after the date of publication of this notice.\12\ Rebuttal briefs,
limited to issues raised in case briefs, may be submitted no later than
five days after the deadline for case briefs.\13\ Pursuant to 19 CFR
351.309(c)(2) and (d)(2), parties who submit case briefs or rebuttal
briefs in these circumvention inquiries must submit: (1) a statement of
the issue; and (2) a table of authorities. Case and rebuttal briefs
should be filed using ACCESS.
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\12\ See 19 CFR 351.226(f)(4).
\13\ See 19 CFR 351.309(d); see also Administrative Protective
Order, Service, and Other Procedures in Antidumping and
Countervailing Duty Proceedings, 88 FR 67069 (September 29, 2023)
(APO and Service Final Rule).
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As provided in 19 CFR 351.309(c)(2) and (d)(2), in prior
proceedings we have encouraged interested parties to provide an
executive summary of their brief that should be limited to five pages
total, including footnotes. In this circumvention inquiry, we instead
request that interested parties provide at the beginning of their
briefs a public, executive summary for each issue raised in their
briefs.\14\ Further, we request that interested parties limit their
executive summary of each issue to no more than 450 words, not
including citations. We intend to use the executive summaries as the
basis of the comment summaries included in the issues and decision
memorandum that will accompany the final determination in this
circumvention inquiry. We request that interested parties include
footnotes for relevant citations in the executive summary of each
issue. Note that Commerce has amended certain of its requirements
pertaining to the service of documents in 19 CFR 351.303(f).\15\
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\14\ We use the term ``issue'' here to describe an argument that
Commerce would normally address in a comment of the Issues and
Decision Memorandum.
\15\ See APO and Service Final Rule.
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Pursuant to 19 CFR 351.310(c), interested parties who wish to
request a hearing, limited to issues raised in the case and rebuttal
briefs, must submit a written request to the Assistant Secretary for
Enforcement and Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce, within 30 days
after the date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register.
Requests should contain: (1) the requesting party's name, address, and
telephone number; (2) the number of individuals from the requesting
party that will attend the hearing and whether any of those individuals
is a foreign national; and (3) a list of the issues that the party
intends to discuss at the hearing. If a request for a hearing is made,
Commerce intends to hold the hearing at a time and date to be
determined. Parties should confirm by telephone the date, time, and
location of the hearing two days before the scheduled date of the
hearing.
U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) Notification
Commerce, consistent with section 781(e) of the Act, will notify
the ITC of this preliminary circumvention determination to include the
merchandise subject to this circumvention inquiry within the Orders.
Pursuant to section 781(e) of the Act, the ITC may request
consultations concerning Commerce's proposed inclusion of the inquiry
merchandise. If, after consultations, the ITC believes that a
significant injury issue is presented by the proposed inclusion, it
will have 60 days from the date of notification by Commerce to provide
written advice.
Notification to Interested Parties
This determination is issued and published in accordance with
section 781(a) of the Act and 19 CFR 351.226(g)(1).
Dated: September 11, 2025.
Christopher Abbott,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations, performing the
non-exclusive functions and duties of the Assistant Secretary for
Enforcement and Compliance.
Appendix I
Topics Discussed in the Preliminary Decision Memorandum
I. Summary
II. Background
[[Page 44638]]
III. Scope of the Orders
IV. Merchandise Subject to the Circumvention Inquiry
V. Period of Inquiry
VI. Statutory and Regulatory Framework
VII. Statutory Analysis
VIII. Summary of Statutory Analysis
IX. Country-Wide Affirmation Determination of Circumvention and
Certification Requirements
X. Recommendation
Appendix II
Importer Certification
If importing round wire that is iron or nonalloy steel, smooth
or deformed, not plated, galvanized or coated, whether or not
polished, containing by weight less than 0.25 percent of carbon,
with a diameter of 1.5mm or more, not heat-treated, with a tensile
strength equal to or greater than 70,000psi (49kg/mm2) please
complete the following:
I hereby certify that:
A. My name is {IMPORTING COMPANY OFFICIAL'S NAME{time} and I am
an official of {NAME OF IMPORTING COMPANY{time} , located at
{ADDRESS OF IMPORTING COMPANY{time} .
B. I have direct personal knowledge of the facts regarding the
importation into the Customs territory of the United States of
subject low-carbon steel (LCS) wire produced in Mexico that entered
under the entry summary number(s), identified below, and which is
covered by this certification. ``Direct personal knowledge'' refers
to the facts the certifying party is expected to have in its own
records. For example, the importer should have direct personal
knowledge of the exporter's and/or seller's identity and location.
C. If the importer is acting on behalf of the first U.S.
customer, include the following sentence as paragraph C of this
certification:
The imported subject-LCS wire covered by this certification was
imported by {NAME OF IMPORTING COMPANY{time} on behalf of {NAME OF
U.S. CUSTOMER{time} , located at {ADDRESS OF U.S. CUSTOMER{time} .
If the importer is not acting on behalf of the first U.S.
customer, include the following sentence as paragraph C of this
certification:
{NAME OF IMPORTING COMPANY{time} is not acting on behalf of the
first U.S. customer.
D. The imported LCS wire covered by this certification was
shipped to {NAME OF PARTY IN THE UNITED STATES TO WHOM THE
MERCHANDISE WAS FIRST SHIPPED{time} , located at {U.S. ADDRESS TO
WHICH MERCHANDISE WAS SHIPPED{time} .
E. Select the appropriate statement below:
a. I have personal knowledge of the facts regarding the end-use
of the imported products covered by this certification because my
company is the end-user of the imported product covered by this
certification and I certify that the imported subject-LCS wire will
not be used to produce standard steel welded wire mesh . ``Personal
knowledge'' includes facts obtained from another party, (e.g.,
correspondence received by the importer from the end-user of the
imported products regarding the end-use of the imported subject-LCS
wire.
b. I have personal knowledge of the facts regarding the end-use
of the imported product because while my company is not the end-user
of the imported product covered by this certification, I certify
that I have contacted the customer or end-user of the imported
product and confirmed that it will not use this product to produce
standard steel welded wire mesh. The customer or end-user of the
imported product is {COMPANY NAME{time} located at {ADDRESS{time} .
``Personal knowledge'' includes facts obtained from another party
(e.g., correspondence received by the importer from the end-user of
the product).
F. The imported subject-LCS wire covered by this certification
will not be further processed into standard steel welded wire mesh
(welded wire mesh) in the United States. (NOTE: For certifications
related to entries produced and/or exported by Deacero S.A.P.I. de
CV that were made between April 2, 2024, through September 26, 2025,
the importer should replace ``will not be further processed'' with
``were not further processed'' in the certification, as necessary).
For certifications related to entries produced and/or exported by
any company other than Deacero S.A.P.I. de CV between the date of
publication of this notice in the Federal Register, through
September 26, 2025, the importer should replace ``will not be
further processed'' with ``were not further processed'' in the
certification, as necessary).
G. This certification applies to the following entries (repeat
this block as many times as necessary):
Entry Summary #:
Entry Summary Line Item #:
Foreign Seller: Foreign Seller's Address:
Foreign Seller's Invoice #:
Foreign Seller's Invoice Line Item #:
Producer:
Producer's Address:
H. I understand that {NAME OF IMPORTING COMPANY{time} is
required to maintain a copy of this certification and sufficient
documentation supporting this certification (i.e., documents
maintained in the normal course of business, or documents obtained
by the certifying party, for example, mill certificates, product
specification sheets, invoices, etc.) until the later of: (1) the
date that is five years after the latest entry date of the entries
covered by the certification; or (2) the date that is three years
after the conclusion of any litigation in United States courts
regarding such entries.
I. I understand that {IMPORTING COMPANY{time} is required to
submit a copy of the importer certifications, the commercial
invoice, and the steel mill certificate at the time of entry summary
by uploading these documents into the Document Imaging System in the
Automated Commercial Environment, and to provide U.S. Customs and
Border Protection (CBP) and/or the U.S. Department of Commerce
(Commerce) with the importer certification, the commercial invoice,
the steel mill certificate, and any supporting documentation
provided to the importer by the exporter or the importer's customer,
upon request of either agency. Consistent with CBP's procedures,
importers shall identify certified entries by using importers'
additional declaration (record 54) AD/CVD Certification Designation
(type code 06) when filing entry summary.
J. I understand that the claims made herein, and the
substantiating documentation, are subject to verification by CBP
and/or Commerce.
K. I understand that failure to maintain the required
certifications and supporting documentation, or failure to
substantiate the claims made herein, or not allowing CBP and/or
Commerce to verify the claims made herein, may result in a de facto
determination that all entries to which this certification applies
are entries of merchandise that is covered by the scope of the
antidumping duty order and countervailing duty order on standard
steel welded wire mesh from Mexico. I understand that such a finding
will result in:
(i) suspension of liquidation of all unliquidated entries (and
entries for which liquidation has not become final) for which these
requirements were not met;
(ii) the importer being required to post the antidumping duty
cash deposits determined by Commerce; and
(iii) the importer no longer being allowed to participate in the
certification process.
L. I understand that agents of the importer, such as brokers,
are not permitted to make this certification. Where a broker or
other party was used to facilitate the entry process, {NAME OF
IMPORTING COMPANY{time} obtained the entry summary number and date
of entry summary from that party.
M. This certification was completed and signed on, or prior to,
the date of the entry summary if the entry date is after September
26, 2025. If the entry date is on or before September 26, 2025, this
certification was completed and signed by no later than October 27,
2025.
N. I am aware that U.S. law (including, but not limited to, 18
U.S.C. 1001) imposes criminal sanctions on individuals who knowingly
and willfully make materially false statements to the U.S.
government.
Signature
{NAME OF COMPANY OFFICIAL{time}
{TITLE OF COMPANY OFFICIAL{time}
{DATE{time}
[FR Doc. 2025-17905 Filed 9-15-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P
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</html>This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.